Segregation

Question 1

Many societies are so diverse, sociologists now prefer the term “super-diverse” depending on what 12+ factors?

Answer 1

○ Ethnicity
○ Immigration status
○ SES
○ Gender
○ Sexual orientation
○ Age
○ Ability
○ Political orientation
○ Religion
○ Geographical distribution

Question 2

Origins of Segregation (4)

Answer 2

○ This was a mild preference for similar “others”
○ This tendency is strong – homophily effect
○ Race and ethnicity creating the strongest divides
○ Makes social networks homogenous: sociodemographic, behavioural, intrapersonal

Question 3

Why is segregation the enemy of contact?

Answer 3

Stops contact entirely from happening in the first place

Question 4

Segregation doesn’t cause conflict directly - WHY & WHAT DOES IT DO INSTEAD? (2)

Answer 4

• BUT fosters mutual ignorance (stops contact from happening, stops challenging previously held stereotypes) and suspicion
• CAUSES suspicion and mistrust

Question 5

SEGREGATION reifies that the outgroup is the violent group (PEACE WALLS)

Answer 5

Peace wall in Ireland:
- Protestants think it’s there because Catholics are violent
- Catholics think it’s there because protestants are violent

Question 6

Social mobility is reduced by (4 things)

Answer 6

1: residential segregation
2: income inequality
3: poorer schooling
4: lower family stability

Question 7

Positives of Segregation? (COMMUNITY)

Answer 7

• can provide a safe space for (especially) disadvantaged group members
• Being surrounded by your own community members can lead to greater health outcomes, lessened stress
• Further from peace walls, more community felt

Question 8

Diversity DOES NOT equal…

Answer 8

CONTACT - It’s the enemy of contact

Question 9

HOWEVER, Diversity DOES provide…

Answer 9

…opportunities/chances for contact
- Positive correlation/relationship between opportunity for contact and contact uptake

Question 10

CONTACT IS GOOD! - WHY?

Answer 10

○ Works for the racist
○ Works for the prejudiced
○ Works for disadvantaged groups

Question 11

If contact is good, what’s the issue?

Answer 11

people simply don’t want to come into contact with each other

Question 12

Why do people self-segregate? (2 reasons)

Answer 12

1 What they want to achieve during contact:

• Majority: concerns about seeming prejudice
• Minority: becoming targets of prejudice

• Majority: race issues, language barriers
• Minority: differences in socioeconomic status, culture, and ingroup distancing

Question 13

What do we know about the antecedents of intergroup contact? (what predicts contact avoidance/approach)

Answer 13

• Negative attitudes & stereotypes
• Ingroup identification and threat
  The more negative attitudes, the more negative stereotypes, less likely to come into contact
  More identification with the ingroup = less identification with the outgroup
• Feelings of anxiety, fear, and insecurity

Question 14

Reasons for contact avoidance (EXT) - 7

Answer 14

• intergroup anxiety
• collective threat
• stereotypical behaviour
• RWA
• SDO
• political conservatism
• age

Question 15

Contact Approach

Answer 15

• the big 5 (more extroverted, open to new experiences, agreeable…)
• education
• prior contact
• indirect contact
• openness to challenges of diversity
• diversity beliefs
• contact self-efficacy