Section 9 Middle Childhood Flashcards
What are the biggest changes that occur during 7-11 yrs?
Self-regulation increases, kids become more physically coordinated, and they start experiencing social world
What mental abilities increase with age?
Everything: digit span score, executive function, self regulation
What is the biggest difference in how kids solve problems?
They develop functional fixedness by around 1st grade
What was the experiment that exemplified functional fixedness?
They had to help the bear reach the toys in condition where a box was also empty or had toys. Kids who used the box to get Bobo to his toys even when it was already being used didn’t have functional fixedness. By 6, kids take longer to think of that solution when the box is being used. By 7, this discrepancy becomes even more exaggerated.
What does concrete operational stage entail?
Kids can abstractly manipulate things represented in physical world. Become able to mentally do seriation (order things) and transitivity (use relations to dev bigger conclusions)
Why are nutrition habits so important in middle childhood?
Food habits now will become standard for the brain into adulthood
Why is physical activity important?
it builds aerobic flexibility and bone density
Why does school grow significantly grow in importance?
It becomes a major source for exercise, nutrition, socialization, ability assessment, and accomplishment esp for low SES kids
What is the Individual with Disabilities Education Act? (IDEA)
Disabled kids have rights to: public education,
education with non-disabled kids,
supplementary accommodations,
proper assessment
and should be given individualized education plan where parents can negotiate if need be (due process)
What was the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)?
Statewide standardized testing began and schools had baseline federal test requirements - SES schools struggled bc of resources and this approach focused on pulling bottom up, neglecting gifted kids
What is the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)?
Replaced NCLB: required iq testing for gifted kids and special programs for them, standardized tests became locally flexible
What is the Indiana DOE (Department of Education) code?
States gifted kids need special program and defines them as anyone exceptional in at least one subject or in gifts, talents, motivation, or interests
What is the Specific Learning Disorder?
Difficulties learning and using academic skills. include:
Dyslexia
Dysgraphia
Dyscalculia
What is Dyslexia?
Problems with reading including word recognition, decoding, and spelling
What is Dysgraphia?
Problems with writing including spelling, grammar, or organization of thought
What is Dyscalculia?
Problems with math including impaired number sense, math reasoning, and arithmetic disorder
What is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?
Persistent struggle with hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention and general executive function
What do ADHD causes look like?
Could be heritable or a pre/post-natal development issue e.g. prenatal drug/alcohol exposure
What do ADHD treatments look like?
Maximized sleep, skill therapies for kid and parents, and stimulants
What are tic disorders?
Repetitive motor activity that begin around this because of the stages of neurosystem development
Who is more likely to have tics?
Boys, by 5x as well as kids with ADHD, anxiety, learning disabilities, and autism
When do they often test for IQ?
3rd grade
What is intellectual disability?
Lower than normal range for IQ - usually mild but can effect independence the worse it is
What causes IQ and intellectual disability?
IQ is environmental until they get to the extremes (intelligence = 0.5 environmental, 0.5 innate)
How can cultural or inherent differences impact intelligence?
Approach to intelligence is different by cultures. Women also have better strengths, such as language, which effect how their strengths and capabilities are percieved
What does it mean to somaticize distress?
To have physical symptoms due to psychological distress
How do the roles of parents and friends change?
Parents become more “manager” roles and friends become confidants, beginning to hide things from parents
How to friend/social circles evolve here?
Kids begin having smaller but more intimate friend groups, preferring same sex groups, and dealing with interpersonal relationship issues
When does bullying increase?
5th/6th grade - social hierarchies create pathway to bullying and both students and adults need to be involved to stop it
What is Erikson’s Industry vs inferiority entail?
Kids become interested is working with the physics world and they want to “do” things
