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Developmental Psychology > Section 10 Adolescence > Flashcards

Section 10 Adolescence Flashcards

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1
Q

When do girls go through puberty (begin adolescence)?

A

9-15 yrs

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2
Q

When do boys go through puberty?

A

10-13.5 yrs

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3
Q

What is the usual difference in age between boys and girls for puberty?

A

2 yrs

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4
Q

What is a menarche?

A

A girl’s first period - often when puberty is ending

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5
Q

What is the historical trend with puberty age?

A

Puberty has come earlier with time

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6
Q

What stimulates puberty in the brain?

A

the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis reactivated after prenatal dev to release hormones for puberty

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7
Q

Do circadian rhythms shift for teens?

A

yes they start sleeping later and longer for more development time

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8
Q

How do hormones effect the brain?

A

Hormones (ex; estrogen, dopamine, DHEA, etc) permanently reorganize the brain, change reward system, and change activity of neural systems

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9
Q

When is conformity the greatest?

A

grades 7-9 (12-15 yrs old)

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10
Q

how does late or early puberty affect a kid?

A

They can suffer from insecurity and emotional trouble from feeling different

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11
Q

How and when does achievement affect social groups?

A

By 7th and 8th grade, kids choose friends with similar academic status, and friends start influencing ones own grade trends

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12
Q

When is processing speed matured at adult level?

A

15 yrs old

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13
Q

When is response inhibition matured at adult level?

A

14 yrs old

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14
Q

When is working memory matured at adult level?

A

19 yrs old

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15
Q

Top causes for death in adolescence

A

Unintentional injuries, homocide, and suicide

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16
Q

What are the consequences of teens’ new priorities?

A

They become riskier (despite understanding risk) for social approval and death rates can increase

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17
Q

What are adolescent emergent changes?

A

focusing on social stimuli and understanding social hierarchy

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18
Q

What is an adolescent non-specific change?

A

Body growth, like prefrontal cortex growing and myelination reorganizing brain

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19
Q

What are adolescent specific changes?

A

Motivated by conformity, exploratory behavior, stronger reward and punishment system, shifts in HPA axis, riskier decision making, lessened impulse control

20
Q

Do adolescence have the highest elevated reward reactions?

A

yes

21
Q

when may a teen be more likely to engage in risky behavior?

A

In a social setting with peers

22
Q

What is one type of disorder teens are more at risk for?

A

Anxiety and stress-related disorders esp social anxiety, caused by greater attention to and impact of social info (and higher stress levels)

23
Q

What is a second common disorder among teens?

A

Eating disorders, though they are not diagnosed until years later

24
Q

Who are the most likely to develop an eating disorder?

A

Women are 10x more likely, and people who work with their bodies, ex; athletes (swimming, rowing, wrestling, figure-skating, gymnastics)

25
Q

What are specific features of Anorexia?

A

Anorexia is consistent, and the product of a person taking complete control of their body parallel to OCD

26
Q

What are specific features of Bulimia?

A

Bulimia is cyclic, impulsive, and all about lack if regulation and shame around eating

27
Q

How do teens become higher risk for substance abuse?

A

Their desire to satisfy social influences combined with risk taking tendencies make them more open to these behaviors

28
Q

What is one component of teenage narcissism/ adolescent egocentrism?

A

The imaginary audience - feeling like they are always being watched, thus not wanting to stick out (or acting eccentrically for attention)

29
Q

What is another component of teenage narcissism/ adolescent egocentrism?

A

The personal fable - feeling a sense of uniqueness and invincibility

30
Q

What motivates teens in social hierarchy?

A

Teens at this stage are highly motivated by popularity

31
Q

Do young teens prefer larger or smaller groups of friends?

A

They prefer smaller but more intimate groups than middle childhood

32
Q

What happens when kids have friends older than them?

A

They are more likely to miss school, do drugs/alcohol, crime, and have poor sex outcomes

33
Q

How do teens relationships with their parents change?

A

Parents begin having to monitor their kids while maintaining attachment and communication
Teens still get much of their emotional/social needs from peers

34
Q

How are racial and ethic effects on kids treated?

A

Prejudice and racial trauma is supported by families that work to protect the kids and ethnic cultural socialization

35
Q

What is Erikson’s stage for adolescence?

A

Identity vs. Identity confusion: navigated identity crisis period

36
Q

What is James Marcias theory taken from Erikson’s stage of identity at this point?

A

Teenagers experience a sense of either crisis or commitment for three areas of life

37
Q

What are the areas of life James Marcias’ theory applies to?

A

Occupational choice, religion, and political ideology

38
Q

What are the different stages of identity according to James Marcia?

A

Diffusion: no crisis, no commitment
Foreclosure: (no crisis, commitment) fallen into line w what’s expected of them
Moratorium: (crisis, no commitment) mid-self exploration
Achievement: (crisis, commitment) sense of self

39
Q

What are some correlations with positive sex outcomes?

A

Family connectedness, parent communication ab sex, parental monitoring, partner connectedness, and school engagement

40
Q

What can cause precocious sexual initiation?

A

Having a step father present in the house and sexual initiation before 15 are correlated
Early sex and father absence is also genetic

41
Q

What were some trends in sex ed?

A

Between 2006 and 2013, sex ed exposure decreased rapidly

42
Q

Why is sex ed a good idea?

A

Despite debate in the U.S., sex ed reduces neg sex outcomes unlike abstinence only programs that don’t actually reduce intercourse or neg outcomes

43
Q

What do romantic relationships look like in age ranges?

A

11-13: romantic attraction and affiliation with each other
14-16: casual dating or dating in groups
17-19: strong bonds resembling adult relationships

44
Q

What is the formal operational stage?

A

Most abstract , incr verbal problem solving, metacognition (inc tendency to think of thoughts themselves) and hypothetical deductive reasoning (creating hypothesis and deducing its implications)

45
Q

What is the adolescent struggle for autonomy?

A

Teens seeking independence while maintaining attachment to parent - unhealthy for parent to have power struggles w teen (boys have more indp)

46
Q

Why do teens experience more conflict with parents?

A

It’s a natural part of developing autonomy and is usually not prolonged or intense

Developmental Psychology (10 decks)

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