Section 7 Flashcards

1
Q

How do hydrophobic and hydrophilic cell signals differ?

A

Hydrophobic: works on intracellular receptors, carried thru blood
Hydrophillic: works on cell surface (plasma membrane)

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2
Q

How are both hydrophobic and hydrophilic cell signals alike?

A

Induce gene transcription and cell signal must eventually terminate (transient); final destination is at the nucleus

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3
Q

What is an endocrine signal?

A

Signal is carried via blood

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4
Q

What is a paracrine signal?

A

Signal is sent from one cell to an adjacent cell

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5
Q

What is an autocrine signal?

A

Signals itself

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6
Q

What are the three major kinase receptors?

A
  1. Tyrosine-kinase
  2. JAK-STAT
  3. Serine-Threonine kinase
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7
Q

What are the features of tyrosine-kinase receptors?

A
  1. Majority of growth factor receptors
  2. Needs ATP
  3. Dimerization
  4. Activates proteins kinase
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8
Q

What site do 50% of drugs target?

A

G-Protein Coupled Heptahelical Receptor

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9
Q

What activates G-Protein couple heptahelical receptor?

A

cAMP, IP3, DAG

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10
Q

What is the third messenger in G-Protein Coupled Heptahelical Receptor?

A

Calcium

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11
Q

What are the actions of G-Protein?

A
  1. Bind GDP in inactive state, GTP in active state
  2. Activate/Inhibit adenylate cyclase
  3. Contain GTPase activity
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12
Q

How does G-Protein get terminated?

A
  1. Degrade cAMP to AMP
  2. Trade GTP for GDP
  3. Internalize receptor
  4. Remove phosphate (phosphatases)
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13
Q

What is the phosphate donor in the plasma membrane receptors?

A

ATP

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14
Q

What is the phosphate acceptor in the plasma membrane receptors?

A

Tyrosine, Serine, Theronine (all have -OH groups)

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15
Q

What is the target of IP3?

A

Calcium channel

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16
Q

What is the target of DAG?

A

Protein Kinase C

17
Q

What is typically a 3rd messenger?

A

Ca++