Oxidation of FA + Ketones Flashcards
How are FAs classified?
- Length
- Even vs odd chains
- Structural (linear, trans, cis, branched)
- Saturation
What is the fate of Fatty Acyl-CoA for the synthesis of ketones?
d
What is the fate of Fatty Acyl-CoA for the synthesis of TGs?
a
What is the fate of Fatty Acyl-CoA for the synthesis of other lipids?
a
How much energy is consumed during the activation process of fatty acids?
2 high-energy bonds = hydrolysis of 2 ATP into 2 ADP
Why cant white adipose tissue and mature RBC not oxidize long-chain FA?
They dont have mitochondria
Why does the oxidation of FAD(2H) take so much effort?
To minimize the accidental production of ROSs during ETC
Of the ketone bodies, which cannot be used?
Acetone; it is exhaled
Can liver/RBC utilize ketone bodies? Why or why not?
Liver cant use them because they are produced there
RBC cant use them because they dont have mitochondria
Can a human being survive more than 30 days w/o food or water?
a
During overnight fasting, FA become the major fuel for what regions?
- Cardiac muscles
- Skeletal muscles
- Liver
Can the nervous system use FA as fuel?
No, liver must convert it to ketones
How are FA activated?
In cells, they are activated to acyl-CoA derivative by acyl-CoA synthetases
How is Acyl-CoA transported to the mitochondria?
Via carnitine
Alternative pathways for very-long chain and branched-chain FA oxidation occurs within _____
peroxisomes
The entry of FA into mitochondria is regulated by ________ levels
malonyl-CoA
(Saturated/Unsaturated) and (Even/Odd)-chain FA require additional rxn for their metabolism
Unsaturated + Odd
What kind of fuel is more readily oxidized?
Structures close to acetyl-CoA
What carries FA thru blood stream and plasma membrane?
Albumin
What carries FA thru cytosol and outer mitochondrial membrane?
CoA; binding proteins
How does FA turn to fatty acyl-CoA?
Acyl CoA synthetase
How does Fatty acyl-CoA go thru the outer mitochondrial membrane?
Diffusion
Before fatty acyl-CoA goes across the inner mitochondrial membrane, what must it do?
Transform to fatty acyl-carnitine then goes thru acyl-carnitine translocase
What happens to fatty acyl-carnitine once it is across the inner mitochondrial membrane?
Transforms it to fatty acyl-CoA via palmitoyl-transferase II, then proceeds to beta-oxidation
Beta-oxidation of fatty acyl-CoA turns it into….
acetyl-CoA
Omega-oxidation of FA in ER converts them to _____ acids
bicarboxylic
