Section 1

Question 1

During the fed state, what does Acetyl-CoA turn to in the liver?

Answer 1

TCA for ATP or as a triglyceride

Question 2

During the fed state, what d TG bring from the liver?

Answer 2

Turns to VLDL then Glycerol

Question 3

During the fed state, glucose from the intestines go where?

Answer 3

Liver, Brain, RBC, Muscle, Adipose tissue

Question 4

What are the three main ketone bodies?

Answer 4

Acetone, acetoacetone, and beta-hydroxybutrate

Question 5

What would be an example of a xenobiotic?

Answer 5

Any drug

Question 6

During the fed state, where do fatty acids come from?

Answer 6

Chylomicrons from the intestines

Question 7

During the starved state, where do ketone bodies go to?

Answer 7

Brain

Question 8

During the fasting state, where does the FA from the adipose tissue go to?

Answer 8

Muscle + Liver

Muscle: used for Acetyl-CoA, then TCA, then ATP

Liver: same as muscle and be used to form Acetyl-CoA, the Ketone bodies

Question 9

During the fasting state, how does the liver get its glucose?

Answer 9

1. Glycogen storage from the liver breaks down to glucose
2. Adipose tissue breaks down TG to Glycerol then to glucose in the liver
3. Muscle can break down its glycogen storage or break down its proteins and use up its AA
4. RBC can break down Lactate to form Glucose in the liver

Question 10

Where are chylomicrons derived from during the fed state?

Answer 10

Fats from the duodenum

Question 11

During the fasting state, where does the glucose from the liver go to?

Answer 11

Brain + RBC

Question 12

During the fasting state, what does TG in the Adipose tissue break down to?

Answer 12

Glycerol + FA

Question 13

What is the resting metabolic rate?

Answer 13

24kcal/kg/day

Question 14

Vit. A deficiency symptom

Answer 14

Xerophthalmia

Question 15

During the fasting state, where do ketone bodies go to?

Answer 15

Muscles; helps make Acetyl-CoA, then more ATP

Question 16

During the fed state, what does glucose break down to in the muscle?

Answer 16

Either Acetyl-CoA then to ATP or stored as glycogen

Question 17

What is the difference between starch and glycogen?

Answer 17

Glycogen has more branches

Question 18

What determines whether a specific amino acid is essential?

Answer 18

If we cant make them

Question 19

During the fed state, what are the two pathways glucose can go to in the liver?

Answer 19

Store as glycogen or break down to Acetyl-Coa

Question 20

Vit. K deficiency symptoms

Answer 20

Defective blood coagulation

Question 21

As you slowly starve, what levels increase / decrease

Answer 21

Glucose levels go down, FA go up, but dont surpass glucose. After 7 days, ketone bodies will skyrocket and surpasss glucose levels.

Question 22

Vit. D deficiency symptoms

Answer 22

Rickets

Question 23

What two organs store glucose as glycogen?

Answer 23

Liver + Muscle

Question 24

Vit. E deficiency symptoms

Answer 24

Muscular dystrophy, neurologic abnormalities

Question 25

During the fed state, where does the liver get its glucose from?

Answer 25

Intestines

Question 26

How would you calculate basal metabolic rate for a sedimentary person

Answer 26

24kcal/kg/day + 30%

Question 27

During the starved state, what is not available?

Answer 27

Proteins in the muscles, glucose to the brain from the liver, urea is not being produced from the liver to kidney

Question 28

During the fed state, what does glucose break down to in the brain?

Answer 28

Acetyl-Coa then ATP

Question 29

During the fed state, what two ingredients are needed to make TG in the adipose tissue?

Answer 29

FA from the chlylomicrons + Glycerol from the VLDL of the liver

Question 30

During the fed state, what does glucose break down to in the RBC?

Answer 30

Pyruvate then Lactate

Question 31

What three regions can glucose enter without the need of insulin?

Answer 31

Kidney, eyes, and feet