Reactive Species + radicals

Question 1

Free radicals are radicals capable of (dependent/independent) existence, but often (long/short)-lived in a biological system

Answer 1

Independent + short

Question 2

Define: Reactive Oxygen Species

Answer 2

Comprise of both reactive oxygen radicals + compounds that are readily converted to those reactive radicals

Question 3

What is the most reactive oxygen species?

Answer 3

OH*

Question 4

What are the major sources of primary reactive oxygen species?

Answer 4

1. Generated by non-enzymatic rxns
2. Accidental by-product or normal enzymatic rxn
3. Deliberate production under special circumstances

Question 5

What rxn is under the Haber-Weiss rxn?

Answer 5

O2- + H2O2 –(H+)-> O2 + H2O + OH*

Question 6

What rxn is under the Fenton rxn?

Answer 6

H2O2 –(Fe)-> OH* + OH-

Question 7

Where can both Haber-Weiss and Fenton rxns occur?

Answer 7

Inside + outside of biological system

Question 8

How does sun screen work?

Answer 8

Absorbing UV rays

Question 9

What are some examples of which ROS are produced as metabolic by-products?

Answer 9

1. Superoxide is made via CoQ

2. Hydrogen peroxide produced when VLCFA CoA to S/MCFA CoA

Question 10

What are some examples of which ROS is produced deliberately?

Answer 10

1. Nitric Oxide is produced when Arginine –> Citrulline

2. During inflammation + phagocytosis