Section 6: Camelid Flashcards
describe the camelids uterus
bincornuate
left uterine horn slightly longer than the right
how does the uterus appear in the llama in nonpregnancy?
body is short, not clearly differentiated from base of either horn on ultrasonography
on ultrasound examination, what is the camelid ovary similar to?
ovary of the cow
what is the size of the camelid ovary?
25mm by 12mm by 10mm
how large are ovulatory-sized follicles in llamas?
10mm
what is the camelid cervix like?
two or three irregular annular or spiral folds
20-50mm long
external os protrudes into vagina
when is the onset of puberty in the female camelid?
5 months to 2-3 years
from what age does ovarian activity occur in the female camelid?
from around 10 months
what type of breeders are camelids?
nonseasonal, some seasonality seen in wild types
induced/reflex ovulation
what type of ovulators are camelids generally?
mono-ovulatory
when does ovulation occur in the camelid?
24-30 hours post-copulation
can spontaneous ovulations occur in camelids?
sometimes
what induces ovulation in the camelid?
copulation: friction of the hooked glans penis, resulting in inflammatory reaction
release of LH
ovulation-inducing factor in semen
orgling noise
what is the ovulation-inducing factor in camelid semen?
GnRH like substance absorbed from uterus
when does the progesterone rise occur?
day 3-10
when does luteolysis occur after a non-fertile mating?
begins 9 days after
corpus luteum regresses at day 10
can the left horn or right horn affect both ovaries due to the vascular difference?
left horn
what does receptivity to breeding depend on?
low progesterone
estrogen in the absence of progesterone
do camelids have estrous cycles?
no- induced
what is the inter-wave interval of follicular growth?
12 days
what are the stages of follicular growth?
small
growing
mature
regressing
what is the minimum ovulatory size?
7mm
how long do luteinized follicles last?
5 days
delays onset of new dominant follicle for 5-7 days
will a single examination reveal if a follicle is growing, mature, or regressing?
no
what will camelids do if they are not receptive?
spit off
where is the scrotum in the male camelid?
level of ischial arch
how large are the testes of the camelid?
small
where does the prepuce point in camelids?
caudally
what accessory sex glands do male camelids have?
ampulla
prostate
bulbourethral gland
what type of penis do male camelids have?
fibroelastic
cartilaginous tip
where is the stream of urine directed in male camelids?
back between the legs
when may fertile spermatozoa be produced?
10-12 months