Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproductive Pathophysiology > Reproductive Pathophysiolgy Female II > Flashcards

Reproductive Pathophysiolgy Female II Flashcards

1
Q

what can uterine endometrial cysts in horses be confused with?

A

early embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how can you diagnose a uterine endometrial cyst in a horse?

A

ultrasound: cyst will remain in same position while embryo will change position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what mares are more likely to have uterine endometrial cysts?

A

older mares

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are uterine tumors: benign polyps?

A

spherical protrusions into the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what species get uterine benign polyps?

A

cats
dogs
rats
mice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what species are uterine adenocarcinomas common in?

A

rabbits
cattle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what percentage of does (female rabbits) get adenocarcinoma?

A

60% of those over 4 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where can adenocarcinoma metastasize?

A

liver
lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what species are uterine lymphosarcoma common in?

A

ruminants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does the uterus look like in uterine lymphosarcoma?

A

thickened with multiple masses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is uterine lymphosarcoma caused by?

A

bovine leukosis virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what can you use a blood smear for in uterine lymphosarcoma?

A

to look for atypical or immature lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

who is uterine leiomyoma/leiomyosarcoma most common in?

A

dogs and cats >10 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is uterine leiomyoma/leiomyosarcoma caused by?

A

estrogen stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is endometritis?

A

inflammation of the endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is metritis?

A

inflammation of endometrium and myometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are some findings in nonspecific endometritis/metritis?

A

purulent exudates
neutrophils
lymphocytes and plasma cells in endometrial stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

when is nonspecific endometritis/metritis seen in ruminants?

A

after difficult parturitions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what can severe cases of nonspecific endometritis/metritis lead to?

A

infertility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

when can organisms in metritis/pyometra be introduced in cattle?

A

during calving
another systemic disease
during mating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are two organisms implicated in metritis/pyometra in cattle after mating?

A

Campylobacter fetus
Tritrichimonas foetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

when is Tritrichomonas foetus most commonly seen?

A

postcoital pyometra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

when is brucellosis transmitted?

A

mating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what causes brucellosis in cattle?

A

Brucella abortus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what causes brucellosis in swine?

A

Brucella suis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what causes contagious equine metritis?

A

Taylorella equigenitalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

how is contagious equine metritis transmitted?

A

coitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what does contagious equine metritis cause?

A

infertility/abortions
mucopurulent vaginal discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is pyometra?

A

acute or chronic suppuration inflammation of the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what species is pyometra seen commonly in?

A

bitch
queen
cow
mare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is bacterial endometritis that leads to pyometra from?

A

progesterone stimulation: prolonged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is pyometra in cats and dogs from?

A

cystic endometrial hyperplasia: pyometra complex
prolonged progesterone stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is pyometra from in cattle?

A

progesterone stimulation from persistent corpus luteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is pyometra from in mares?

A

postpartum
post coitus
persistent CL is not necessary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what is fetal mummification like?

A

sterile
leathery appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what is fetal maceration like?

A

uterine infection causes
necrosis and autolysis of fetus
tissue emphysema possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what do endometrial cups in equine induce?

A

accessory corpus luteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

where are amniotic plaques found?

A

inner amnion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

where are calcium deposits found?

A

amnion and allantois

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what do calcium deposits look like?

A

white streaks
flecks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

who is hydramnios and hydrallantois seen in?

A

cows
mares

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

what is hydramnios?

A

excess fluid in amniotic sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what is hydrallantois?

A

excess fluid in allantoic sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

what are some complications of hydramnios and hydrallantois?

A

uterine atony
retained fetal membranes
metritis
dangerous to dam to remove fluid quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

who does adventitious placentation occur in?

A

ruminants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

what can adventitious placentation be related to?

A

hydrallantois

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

when does postpartum involution occur in the dog?

A

12 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

how long can a dog have serosanguinous discharge postpartum?

A

4-6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

how long does postpartum involution take in the cow?

A

6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

how long does postpartum involution take in the mare?

A

as little as 9 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

who does does retained fetal membranes usually occur in?

A

cows

52
Q

what is the etiology of retained fetal membranes in cows?

A

infection
hormone imbalance
dystocia
low calcium

53
Q

what is subinvolution of placental sites?

A

rare, dogs
invasion of trophoblasts to endometrium at placental sites
persistent hemorrhagic discharge

54
Q

is brucella zoonotic?

A

yes

55
Q

what does Brucella abortus colonize?

A

lymph nodes

56
Q

how is Brucella abortus transmitted?

A

contaminated tissues/exudates

57
Q

what do the lesions of Brucella abortus affect?

A

placenta and fetus

58
Q

how is Brucella suis transmitted?

A

coitus

59
Q

how can infected boars transmit Brucella suis?

A

semen

60
Q

what does Brucella suis cause?

A

late abortions
stillbirths
retained fetal membranes

61
Q

what is abortion due to Brucella in small ruminants due to?

A

sheep: Brucella ovis
goats: Brucella melitensis

62
Q

what can Brucella canis cause in male dogs?

A

orchitis
epididymitis

63
Q

what does Brucella canis cause postpartum?

A

gray-green vaginal discharge for several weeks

64
Q

do cats have a natural Brucella strain?

A

no- can be infected but rare

65
Q

is Campylobacter zoonotic?

A

yes

66
Q

what Campylobacter impacts cattle?

A

Campylobacter fetus var. venerealis

67
Q

what is the most common abortifacient in sheep where brucellosis is controlled?

A

Campylobacter

68
Q

what can Campylobacter cause in 40% of abortions in sheep?

A

orange-yellow necrotic foci in the fetus liver
1-2 cm in diameter

69
Q

is Listeria zoonotic?

A

yes

70
Q

how is Listeria spread to ruminants?

A

ingestion

71
Q

what can you see in near term aborted fetuses with Listeria?

A

pin point yellow white foci of necrosis in liver and spleen

72
Q

what is the most common abortifacient in goats where brucellosis is controlled?

A

Chlamydia

73
Q

is Chlamydia zoonotic?

A

yes

74
Q

how does Chlamydia present in goats and sheep?

A

cyclic nature in herd
initial high abortion
then new outbreak
can be chronic

75
Q

what causes Q fever in ruminants?

A

Coxiella burnetti

76
Q

what can Coxiella burnetti cause in humans?

A

pneumonia
cardiac issue

77
Q

how can animals get Coxiella burnetti?

A

contaminated dust

78
Q

what is the most common cause of mycotic abortion?

A

Aspergillosis

79
Q

what type of outbreaks does mycotic abortion cause?

A

sporadic

80
Q

is Toxoplasmosis zoonotic?

A

yes

81
Q

who is Toxoplasmosis seen in?

A

sheep and goats

82
Q

what are the cotyledons like in Toxoplasmosis?

A

bright red with small white foci

83
Q

who does Tritrichomonas impact?

A

cattle

84
Q

how can you identify herpes reproductive infections?

A

focal areas of necrosis with “owl-eye” eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies

85
Q

what does herpes equi-1 cause?

A

equine rhinopneumonitis

86
Q

what causes equine coital exanthema?

A

herpesvirus equi-3

87
Q

what causes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)?

A

herpesvirus bovis-1

88
Q

when does herepesvirus bovis-1 cause abortion?

A

second half of gestation

89
Q

what does porcine herpesvirus-1 cause?

A

pseudorabies
mummified fetuses, late abortions, stillbirths

90
Q

what does porcine herpesvirus 1 cause in non-swine?

A

fatal: intense pruritis

91
Q

what does herpesvirus canis cause?

A

mild respiratory infection in adults
neonatal mortality in pups

92
Q

what causes feline rhinotracheitis?

A

feline herpesvirus 1

93
Q

what does equine arteritis virus cause?

A

mild respiratory infection
arthritis in placenta

94
Q

what type of abortions does swine infertility and respiratory syndrome cause?

A

mix of stillborn, mummified fetuses, and weak piglets

95
Q

what does porcine parvovirus cause?

A

stillbirth
mummification
embryonic death

96
Q

when is there no abortion with porcine parvovirus?

A

after 70 days fetuses are resistant

97
Q

how is epizootic bovine abortion spread?

A

tick borne

98
Q

what are mammary gland tumors in dogs related to?

A

hormonal factors: progesterone and estrogen

99
Q

how many mammary gland tumors in dogs are malignant?

A

50%

100
Q

what type of tumors are mammary gland tumors in dogs?

A

adenocarcinoma

101
Q

what is mastitis related to?

A

late pregnancy/birth
pseudopregnancy
clinically ill

102
Q

what type of cancer can look just like mastitis?

A

inflammatory carcinoma

103
Q

what are some malignant mammary tumors seen in dogs?

A

adenocarcinomas
malignant mixed cell tumors
inflammatory carcinoma

104
Q

who do mammary gland tumors occur in?

A

dogs and cats

105
Q

what are benign mammary gland tumors like in dogs and cats?

A

small and smooth
slow growing
freely moveable

106
Q

what can make a mammary tumor in a dog a better prognosis?

A

small size
clean margins

107
Q

what percent of mammary gland tumors in cats are malignant?

A

80%

108
Q

what is fibroadenomarous hyperplasia?

A

benign non-neoplastic mammary condition in cats

109
Q

what is fibroadenomatous hyperplasia dependent upon?

A

progesterone

110
Q

what can mouse mammary tumors be induced by?

A

retrovirus
mouse mammary tumor virus

111
Q

what does Campylobacter fetus look like?

A

gram negative bacillus

112
Q

what does Tritrichomonas foetus look like?

A

flagellated protozoa

113
Q

how can Tritrichomonas foetus be identified?

A

smear of vaginal discharge

114
Q

where can you culture contagious equine metritis from?

A

clitoral fossa
uterine endometrium
cervix

115
Q

in whom is pyometra rare?

A

small ruminants

116
Q

when are equine endometrial cups seen?

A

days 35-100-120

117
Q

what makes up amniotic plaques?

A

squamous epithelium

118
Q

is hydramnios a fetal or placental problem?

A

fetal

119
Q

is hydramnios or hydrallantois more common?

A

hydrallantois

120
Q

when does Brucella abortus cause abortion?

A

7-9 months to term

121
Q

what does Brucella suis cause?

A

late abortions
stillbirths
retained fetal membranes

122
Q

is the non-gravid small ruminant uterus resistant to Brucella infection?

A

yes

123
Q

what is Listeria usually associated with?

A

encephalitis

124
Q

when does Herpes equi-1 cause abortions?

A

9-10 months of gestation

125
Q

when do puppies infected in utero with Herpesvirus canis die?

A

usually within 10 days of birth

126
Q

can mammary gland tumors be seen in spayed cats?

A

yes

Reproductive Pathophysiology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions