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Nutrition > Section 3: Basic Beef Cattle Nutrition (Rae) > Flashcards

Section 3: Basic Beef Cattle Nutrition (Rae) Flashcards

1
Q

3 phases of beef cattle production

A

1) cow-calf
2) stocker-grower
3) feedlot (finishing)

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2
Q

weaning age of calves

A

7-9 mo.

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3
Q

describe cow-calf phase

A
  • generation of new product (calves)
  • minimal resource inputs
  • cows maintained on less-tillable land
  • grass farming using “harvesting machines” (cows) **
  • calves raised to weaning
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4
Q

describe stocker-grower phase

A
  • calves purchased and fed high forage ration
  • minimal resource inputs
  • growing phase
  • grass harvesting or small grain gleaning **
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5
Q

growing phase age of calves

A

8-15 mo.

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6
Q

describe finishing phase

A
  • production of finished product
  • intensive confinement op.
  • fed mixed concentrate ration **
  • commodities feeding **
  • abundant, high energy feeds
  • a short, intensive period
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7
Q

how many days until calves reach market weight?

A

90-150 days

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8
Q

cows with BCS of 8 or 9 usually…

A

didn’t calve for the last 1-2 years and have been fed too much nutrition

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9
Q

T or F: cows gain weight up until they give birth

A

T

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10
Q

why is it important to have good nutrition esp. in later gestation?

A

bigger calves, greater calf survival, less calf dz, greater calf weaning weight, cows get pregnant sooner after calving, GAIN significant weight during last 30 days of pregnancy

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11
Q

body condition scoring is:

A

a visual evaluation of nutritional status (1 to 9).

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12
Q

most cows are BCS:

A

3 to 7. 5 = ideal

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13
Q

one change in BCS correlates to how much weight change in beef cattle?

A

~75 lb.

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14
Q

normal gestational period of cow

A

285 days

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15
Q

normal calving interval

A

365 days (time from one calf to the next)

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16
Q

cows are bred how long after giving birth?

A

40 days

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17
Q

cows with BCS of ___ have the greatest chance of getting pregnant

A

6 (93% will get pregnant)

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18
Q

lighter weight calves bring less/more money per pound

A

more. However, in the end they bring less money per calf!

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19
Q

Methods/goals of increasing resource utilization efficiency in cow-calf grass farming

A
  • select appropriate cow, pasture types
  • max. efficient forage utilization
  • min. purchased feed
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20
Q

Animal factors

A
  • live weight
  • physiological state (gestation vs. lactation)
  • genotype
  • age or proportion of mature body size
  • health
21
Q

Pasture factors

A
  • herbage available (quantity)
  • herbage edibility (intake, quality, concentration)
  • toxins (exogenous and endogenous)
22
Q

exogenous toxins come from:

A

fungus/bacteria

23
Q

endogenous toxins come from:

A

chemical toxins

24
Q

Environmental factors

A
  • environmental temp/humidity/radiation

- wind/rainfall

25
Q

Nutrient requirements of the cow and environmental carrying capacity of resources must be in:

A

harmony

26
Q

When do cows have highest nutrient demand?

A

Period 1: post-calving, 80d

27
Q

when do cows have moderate nutrient demand?

A

Period 2: pregnant and lactating, 125d

Period 4: pre-calving, 50d

28
Q

When do cows have lowest nutrient demand?

A

Period 3: mid-gestation, 110d

29
Q

dairy cows produce about __% more milk than beef cattle

A

10

30
Q

calving in Florida usually occurs around what month?

A

January. This is also when quality and quantity of forage are most limiting

31
Q

Quantity limiting of forage occurs between what periods?

A

4 and 2

32
Q

important macro nutrients

A

Ca, P

33
Q

important micro nutrients

A

Cu,Co,Se,Mg,Mn,Zn

34
Q

important vitamins

A

A,D,E

35
Q

carrying capacity (aka forage availability)

A

the estimated maximum stocking rate that can be grazed with a specific # of cows (AU) for a specified time w/o damage to the vegetation or a related resource. AU/acre of pasture

36
Q

harvested forages are converted to:

A

AUM. AUM = acres x (tons/acre) x (AUM/ton)

37
Q

on normal bahia grass florida pasture, there is adequate feed between which months out of the year?

A

june - october

38
Q

goal of forage-based nutrition

A

attain a year-round forage supply despite variable quantities and qualities of forage supplies and environmental conditions

39
Q

T or F: legumes are limited in Florida

A

T

40
Q

table slide 35

A

:)

41
Q

How to make regular bahia grass pasture provide almost year-round nutrition

A

1) fertilize to allow bahia to be ready earlier in the season (around Mar)
2) plant clover which is ready in Feb
3) plant ryegrass, which is ready in late Jan.
4) plant limpgrass which is ready nov/dec.
Now only have early january w/o grass, which you can harvest and feed hay

42
Q

Why better to have more cows at a lower weight, than fewer big cows?

A
  • produce more calves
  • less wear/tear on facilities
  • weight-related dosing
  • higher calf weaning weight, but fewer calves
  • cost goes up with larger cows
  • need more energy to maintain them
43
Q

variables for choosing the optimum cow

A
  • cow size
  • age
  • milk production
  • environment
44
Q

effect of milk production on net energy requirement of 1000 lb. cow

A

increasing milk production requires more net energy

45
Q

effect of cow size and milk production on net energy requirement

A
  • more energy req. for heavier cows and higher producing cows
  • must maintain nutrition during lactation phase in order to maintain body condition
46
Q

management strategies to maintain nutrition/increase production

A
  • adjust stocking rate (insure adequate forage during the stocking rate limiting months)
  • cull open and poor producing cows
  • control parasites/diseases
  • target calving season that fits forage, supplements, marketing plan, and management
    • hard to do in Florida and still match what other states do, so most producers still tend to calve when there is a nutrient deficiency for them.
  • group cattle by age/nutritional needs
  • keep cows in good condition
47
Q

clover is high in:

A

protein

48
Q

management strategies to keep cattle in good condition:

A
  • separate cows in thin condition and feed add. supplements to improve rebreeding
  • provide higher quality forages or higher lvls of energy balanced with protein

Nutrition (16 decks)

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