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Nutrition > Section 1: Small Exotic Mammal Nutrition (Fredholm) > Flashcards

Section 1: Small Exotic Mammal Nutrition (Fredholm) Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: little or no AAFCO standards for many exotic species

A

T

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2
Q

Domesticated small exotics

A

rabbits, ferrets, rodents (rats, mice, guinea pigs, hamsters, gerbils) standards and research DO exist

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3
Q

non-domesticated small exotics

A

hedgehogs, sugar gliders, prairie dogs, etc. Very little known about their diet requirements!

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4
Q

Hind-gut fermenters (5)

A

rabbits, chinchillas, guinea pigs, degus, prairie dogs. Have a large cecum

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5
Q

Rabbit GIT chars.

A
  • large cecum
  • long GIT
  • lots of feces
  • cecotropes (higher in nutrients, eaten to reabsorb these)
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6
Q

Rabbit oral cavity chars.

A
  • 6 incisors (including 2 peg teeth)
  • cheek teeth for grinding
  • diastema (gap)
  • open-rooted continuously growing teeth
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7
Q

Fiber in hindgut fermenters is important for:

A
  • tooth wear
  • general oral health
  • gastric oral health
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8
Q

goal fiber content in diet of hindgut ferm.

A

20-25%. Fiber should also be appropriately long!

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9
Q

role of water in hind-gut fermenters

A

motility

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10
Q

Why are commercial pelleted diets not complete for rabbits?

A
  • not enough indigestible fiber
  • fiber too short
  • too much fat/protein
  • create an obese rabbit!
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11
Q

rabbits and too much fruit

A

decreases pH, resulting in dysbiosis (diarrhea, GI ulcers, poor absorption)

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12
Q

Benefits of chewing in rabbits

A

appropriate tooth wear, adequate GI motility

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13
Q

common health problems assoc. with inappropriate diet in rabbits

A
  • dental dz

- abnormal feces –> GI stasis/ileus*

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14
Q

Should you only examine rabbit incisors?

A

NO! Must always examine cheek teeth too; may require sedation, rads, CT

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15
Q

benefit of CT over dental rads

A

lets you see what’s going on under the gum line

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16
Q

what kind of hay to feed rabbits? Why?

A

grass, NOT legume hay. Legume is high in calcium and can cause hypercalcemia and is also too rich in protein and fat

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17
Q

Hypercalcemia in rabbits may cause:

A

stone formation w/n kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra. Potential for urinary obstruction

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18
Q

Describe a proper rabbit diet

A
  • free choice timothy hay
  • small amt. pellets per 24 hrs
  • handful of greens (not spinach)
  • rare treats (i.e. carrots, squash)
  • rare fruit
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19
Q

bad brand of rabbit food. why?

A

Fiesta. high carbs, low fiber

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20
Q

Tx for anorexic hind gut fermenter

A
  • an emergency!
  • rehydrate
  • feed
  • pain control
  • determined why stopped eating
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21
Q

assisted feeding in HGFs

A

finely ground hay (high fiber). May be syringe fed

22
Q

Guinea pigs have special requirement for:

A

vitamin C (can’t synthesize on their own)

23
Q

scurvy in guinea pigs results in:

A
  • loose teeth, malocclusion

- joint problems, limping

24
Q

Guinea pigs have a long/short GI transit time?

25
Complete Guinea pig diet composed of:
- timothy-based pellets - handful greens,carrots - free choice hay - vit. C source - water
26
common guinea pig nutritional dz
- obesity - diabetes mellitus - dental dz - ileus/diarrhea/constipation - urolithiasis - hypovitaminosis C
27
prairie dog natural diet
grasses, leaves, herbs, flowering plants, invertebrates
28
prairie dog dietary recommendations
- 80-85% timothy hay - 10-15% pellet - 5-10% greens, veggies - H2O
29
common prairie dog dz
- obesity | - dental dz, including odontoma
30
history and tx of odontoma in prairie dogs
H: difficulty eating, upper airway dz, nasal discharge Tx: removal of tooth/tumor, poor prognosis *can be related to poor diet*
31
Degus diet
- little water | - hay, hay pellets, veggie treats
32
Common nutritional Degus dz
diabetes (intolerant to high carbs, seeds in diet)
33
Rodent diet
(omnivores) - rodent block (16% protein, 4-5% fat), veggies - avoid seeds
34
rodent nut. dz
- obesity | - neoplasia (2ary to obesity)
35
Hedgehog GI
- nocturnal insectivores - short simple GI tract - not rodents
36
hedgehog diet
-insect-based diet, fruit, veggies
37
hedgehog nut. dz
- obesity - hepatic lipidosis - Ca deficiency - diabetes mellitus - dental dz
38
opossums chars.
- lower metabolic rate - nocturnal - omnivores - prone to obesity
39
opossum diet
-feed like dogs + fruit, veggies, greens
40
sugar gliders chars.
- nocturnal - omnivores - complex wild diet of sap,nectar,pollen,insects,arachnids,etc. - commercial diet should include nectar, insects, protein source**, fruits, veggies
41
sugar glider nut. dz
- metabolic bone dz - hypocalcemia - hypoglycemia - hypoproteinemia - obesity - dental dz (from high carb, soft diets)
42
pot bellied pigs dietary needs
- omnivores - SMALL amt. of feed not too high in fat/protein (12% P, 2% F, 12-15% fiber) - don't feed like commerical pigs!!
43
PBP dz
- obesity - white muscle dz (vit. E def.) - Urolithiasis (from high carb diet)
44
ferret chars.
- obligate carnivores - short GI tract - require high protein/fat, low fiber diet - can feed free choice
45
ferret nut. dz
- Insulinomas (too many carbs) | - eosinophilic gastroenteritis (food allergies? helicobacter?)
46
skunk/raccoon chars.
- omnivores | - feed like dog + veggies + meat
47
skunk/raccoon nut. dz
- obesity | - metabolic bone dz (Ca def.)
48
primates chars.
- omnivores - require vit. D3 and C - monkey biscuits should be mainstay of diet - challenging!
49
primates nut. dz
- Vit. C def. (scurvy) - metabolic bone dz/rickets - diabetes mellitus (high carb diet)
50
how to control diabetes in primates?
diet, oral hypoglycemics, and/or insulin
51
felids diet. requirements
- taurine - Ca:P ratio important - meat + viscera (feed like domestic cats)
52
felids nut. dz
metabolic bone dz very common

Nutrition (16 decks)

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