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Nutrition > Chapter 3a/b: Energy/Amt. to Feed & Feeding for Different Life Stages (Hill) > Flashcards

Chapter 3a/b: Energy/Amt. to Feed & Feeding for Different Life Stages (Hill) Flashcards

1
Q

Are dogs bulk limited? *

A

No. They are designed to eat large, infrequent meals

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2
Q

energy budget is comprised of: *

A

energy in: metabolizable energy in food

energy out: requirements under different conditions

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3
Q

3 methods to determine how much to feed. Which is best for estimating energy needs of an individual animal? *

A

1) a good diet history: multiply energy density of each ingredient by amt. eaten and total (best)
2) calculation from BW (calculate MER of an average animal)
3) look at package

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4
Q

requirement = *

A

energy density (kcal/g) x amount fed (g)

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5
Q

cans, cups, or g/day to feed = *

A

avg. maintenance energy requirement (kcal/day)/ energy density (kcal/can or cup or g)

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6
Q

energy required for maintenance of body weight can vary by up to __% of mean? *

A

40%

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7
Q

When should you use a calculation from BW to determine how much to feed? *

A
  • when introducing new food
  • inappetant or obese patients
  • hospitalized patients
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8
Q

main problem of using a calculation to determine how much to feed *

A

only gives a mean of a population, not a measure of INDIVIDUAL requirement

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9
Q

label reccomendations are based on: *

A

a calculation of population mean. Not necessarily accurate for the individual

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10
Q

DER = **

A

daily energy requirement. Includes growth/production

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11
Q

MER = **

A

maintenance energy requirement = DER - energy needed for production/growth. Amount of energy necessary to maintain equilibrium over a length of time.

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12
Q

RFMR = **

A

resting fed metabolic rate (aka resting energy requirement (RER) or resting energy expenditure (REE)?). Same as basal metabolic rate but not post-absorptive. How much to feed a dog in a cage

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13
Q

BMR = **

A

basal metabolic rate. Energy required to maintain homeostasis/minimal metabolism when p is postabsorptive, awake, lying down, in thermoneutral unstressed environment

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14
Q

thermonuetral environment *

A

env. where animal doesn’t have to expend energy to stay warm or cold

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15
Q

Does REE directly relate to body weight? *

A

No. Increasing energy requirements more directly related to increasing body surface area

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16
Q

REE = *

A

resting energy requirement. Doesn’t have a solid definition. Doesn’t distinguish whether they’ve been fed or not

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17
Q

BMR (REE?) = (equation) *****

A

70 x W(kg)^0.75 kcal/day. A REE equation across species

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18
Q

REE = (equation) *****

A

70 + 30 x W(kg) kcal/day. A STRAIGHT LINE APPROXIMATION. only works well for animals 8-20kg

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19
Q

metabolic body weight = *

A

W(kg) ^.75 = ((W^3)^.5)^.5 = sq. root. of sg. root.of W^3

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20
Q

factors that affect energy requirements *

A

growth, pregnancy, lactation, work, neutered,age, breed, etc.

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21
Q

dietary thermogenesis and equation *

A

energy used for assimilation of food. = RFMR - BMR

Has 2 components:

1) excitement component: energy from seeing food
2) energy from assimilation of food

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22
Q

dietary thermogenesis is highest for protein/fat/carbs? *

A

protein

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23
Q

dietary therm. is similar/dissimilar for enteral or parenteral nutrition? *

A

similar

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24
Q

standing = BMR x ___ *

A

1.5 (energy requirement increases about 50% just by standing up)

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25
Q

energy from running is proportional to: *

A

distance traveled, NOT speed

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26
Q

thermoneutral zone of adult dogs *

A

20-35 degrees

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27
Q

therm. zone of huskies *

A

<0

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28
Q

therm. zone of newborn puppies *

A

30

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29
Q

therm. zone of adult cats *

A

30-38

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30
Q

mean BMR for dogs *

A

76

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31
Q

mean RFMR for dogs *

A

84

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32
Q

mean MER for dogs *

A

130 (goes up with increased exercise)

33
Q

T or F: cats lose energy requirements as they get older *

A

FALSE. some may MORE energy as they get older!

34
Q

T or F: dogs lose energy requirements with age *

A

T

35
Q

breed with higher MER *

A

great danes

36
Q

breed with lower MER *

A

huskies, corgis, newfoundlands

37
Q

spay/neuter –> appetite, MER *

A

appetite increases, MER decreases. However, affect is uncertain because these things may be affected by decrease in LBM

38
Q

Is energy use related to lean body mass or BW? *

A

LBM

39
Q

How to calculate ideal BW before estimating MER in obese patients? *

A

current weight x 100/(100+% overweight)

% overweight is found by adding 10-15% for each BCS point above 5/9

40
Q

stress/disease –> energy needs *

A

increases. Increases most for sepsis

41
Q

daily ME requirements for adult cats at maintenance ***

A

about 200 (100-300) kcal/day. Neutered cats should be 30% less

42
Q

MER equation *

A

factor x REE = 1.3 to 2 x 70 x W^0.75

43
Q

How much to feed during pregnancy of bitch? *

A

1st 5-6 weeks: no increase in weight: no additional food needed
last 3-4 weeks: increase intake 10-15% /wk

44
Q

cats gain weight throughout pregnancy, whereas dogs only gain weight in last 3-4 weeks *

A

:)

45
Q

food requirement of lactating bitch/queen varies with: *

A

litter size (peak&raquo_space; 3-4xMER)

46
Q

ME requirement for lactation in bitches *

A

145 x W^0.75 + W(24n +12m) x L

47
Q

bitch milk vs. cow milk *

A
  • has 1.5 kcal ME/mL (about 2x caloric density of cow’s milk)
  • increased protein, fat, calcium
  • decreased lactose
  • antibodies not passed via placenta: colostrum very important!
48
Q

orphan rearing: how much to feed? *

A

25kcal/100g BW

15% of BW/d during first week, then 25% BW/d

49
Q

When to introduce canned food to pups/kittens? *

A

3 weeks. Wean pups at 6-8 wks or later

50
Q

rapid growth increases risk of ____ in large breed dogs *

A

hip dysplasia

51
Q

large/small breed dogs take longer to reach mature weight? *

A

large

52
Q

puppy protein requirements by age *

A

greater before 14 wks, then decrease. No supplements are necessary!

53
Q

MER of half grown pups *

A

200-250 x W^0.75

54
Q

MER of >3 mo. old pups *

A

same total as parents

55
Q

amt. of what mineral very important in growing Danes? Optimum amount to feed? *

A

Calcium. Feed 1% DM or 2-4g/1000 kcal. More will cause osteochondrosis, less causes osteoporosis. Ca/P less important.

56
Q

kittens should increase by how much weight/week? *

A

~100g/week

57
Q

when do kittens reach adult weight? *

A

1-2 yrs

58
Q

kittens have an increased ____ requirement *

A

protein. No need to add more though! diet is balanced

59
Q

interspecies BMR *

A

70 x W^0.75

60
Q

dog MER *

A

70-1000xW^0.75

61
Q

cat MER *

A

100-300 kcal/day

62
Q

T or F: dogs lose all extra weight immediately after parturition *

A

T

63
Q

T or F: cats lose all extra weight immediately after parturition

A

F. Only 40% lost at part. remaining 60% lost during early lactation

64
Q

what things is energy used for?

A 
basal metabolism (50-90%)
dietary thermogenesis
heat of fermentation
maint. of body temp.
stress/dz
activity
product formation
65
Q

fat uses more/less energy than lean tissue *

A

less

66
Q

refeeding syndrome

A

condition in malnourished dogs fed too many calories

67
Q

individual MER can be __% above or bellow the mean MER

A

50%

68
Q

poililotherms require/more less energy than endoderms

A

less. Fish least of all!

69
Q

fetal growth in bitches only significant during ____ part of pregnancy

A

last third

70
Q

when in queen’s peak lactation?

A

7-8 weeks post partum

71
Q

when in bitch’s peak lactation?

A

3-4 wks post-partum

72
Q

epidermal growth factor

A

component of breat milk that may influence development of puppy intestine. Another reason you should not wean early.

73
Q

orphan feeding protocol *

A

feed every 2-4 hrs first day. Then reduce graudally to 4x/day. Feed when crying; don’t wake to feed. Keep pups warm and moist. Warm milk replacer to body temp before feeding.

74
Q

T or F: total energy intake of pups at 3 mo. and 18 mos. is about the same

A

T

75
Q

Puppy growth is proportional to:

A

size of adult

76
Q

T or F: restricted food intake doesn’t affect final height, length, bone size, or muscle mass

A

T

77
Q

rickets occurs when Ca < ____

A

0.% DM (1.4mg/kcal)

78
Q

Mean daily metabolizable energy intake of kittens peaks at what age?

A

10 wks

Nutrition (16 decks)

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