Section 3-4: Lifestyle Nutrition Flashcards
- weight management - physical activity How do body weight concerns vary throughout the life cycle?
typically, pregnant women gain ___ kg
11.5 - 16kg
weight gain during pregnancy is used for…
1) fetus + amniotic fluid, placenta, etc…
2) maternal fat → lactation
why is weightloss bad during pregnancy?
may be a sign of malnutrition
how much weight gain is good during pregnancy?
As less as possible
- should gain more weight if you’re underweight prior to pregnancy
- should gain less weight if obese prior to pregnancy
how much additional energy is needed during pregnancy?
350 - 450 kcal in the last 2 trimesters
extra 2~3 food guide servings every day
trimesters of pregnancy
1) 0-13 weeks
2) 14-26 weeks
3) 27-40 weeks
Supplement needs for pregnancy
multivitamin w/ folic acid & iron
too little weight gain during pregnancy = …
too much weight gain during pregnancy = …
too little: high chance for underweight baby @ birth
too much: high chance for overweight baby @ birth
___ is an indicator of weight gain during pregnancy
pre-pregnancy weight
- skinny = likely to gain less weight than recommended
- obese = likely to gain more weight than recommended
most Canadian women are gaining more // less weight than they should during pregnancy
more
underweight mothers → what risk for infant?
low birth weight or early birth
overweight mothers → what risk for infant?
- large baby
- less healthy baby
- NTD
teen mothers → risk for infant?
low birth weight
diabetic mothers → risk for infant?
- large babies
- congenital abnormalities
- fetal death
support group for pregnant women. What is the target audience and what do they aim to do?
Canadian Prenatal Nutrition Program
- target: teens, low-income mothers
- provide social support & professional advice on nutrition and health
how might conditions during pregnancy affect weight of child during adulthood?
1) famine → maternal stress & poor sperm quality
2) low birth weight baby
3) thrifty genotype / epigenotype
4) adult obesity
what is “thrifty epigenotype”?
- try to conserve energy due to stress mother experienced during pregnancy
- genotype → changes in DNA
- epigenotype → methylate DNA switches off some genes
people who were fetuses during the Dutch Famine had increased risk of… (compared to siblings)
- obesity
- atherogenic lipid profile
- hypertension
- CHD
- impaired glucose tolerance
stressors that are similar to famine during pregnancy → lead to similar risks for baby
smoking
babies that are exposed to higher levels of insulin during pregnancy (mother is type 2 diabetic – likely overweight) had _____ compared to siblings before mother developed diabetes (likely skinnier)
- higher adolescent BMI increased risk for: - obesity - impaired glucose tolerance - poorer mental abilities
Risk factor for adult obesity that may occur during infancy
- high birth weight
- reduced breast feeding
- weight gain during first weeks of life
- less sleep
recommendations for breast feeding
- exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months
- introduction of solid food after
what is used to assess health of brain in infants?
circumference of head
what is used to determine if baby is a healthy weight?
PERCENTILES
- 50th percentile = avg
- 98th percentile = higher than 98% of other babies = overweight
- 10th percentile = higher than 10% of other babies = underweight
