Section 3-4: Lifestyle Nutrition

Question 1

typically, pregnant women gain ___ kg

Answer 1

11.5 - 16kg

Question 2

weight gain during pregnancy is used for…

Answer 2

1) fetus + amniotic fluid, placenta, etc…

2) maternal fat → lactation

Question 3

why is weightloss bad during pregnancy?

Answer 3

may be a sign of malnutrition

Question 4

how much weight gain is good during pregnancy?

Answer 4

As less as possible

• should gain more weight if you’re underweight prior to pregnancy
• should gain less weight if obese prior to pregnancy

Question 5

how much additional energy is needed during pregnancy?

Answer 5

350 - 450 kcal in the last 2 trimesters

extra 2~3 food guide servings every day

Question 6

trimesters of pregnancy

Answer 6

1) 0-13 weeks
2) 14-26 weeks
3) 27-40 weeks

Question 7

Supplement needs for pregnancy

Answer 7

multivitamin w/ folic acid & iron

Question 8

too little weight gain during pregnancy = …

too much weight gain during pregnancy = …

Answer 8

too little: high chance for underweight baby @ birth

too much: high chance for overweight baby @ birth

Question 9

___ is an indicator of weight gain during pregnancy

Answer 9

pre-pregnancy weight

• skinny = likely to gain less weight than recommended
• obese = likely to gain more weight than recommended

Question 10

most Canadian women are gaining more // less weight than they should during pregnancy

Answer 10

more

Question 11

underweight mothers → what risk for infant?

Answer 11

low birth weight or early birth

Question 12

overweight mothers → what risk for infant?

Answer 12

• large baby
• less healthy baby
• NTD

Question 13

teen mothers → risk for infant?

Answer 13

low birth weight

Question 14

diabetic mothers → risk for infant?

Answer 14

• large babies
• congenital abnormalities
• fetal death

Question 15

support group for pregnant women. What is the target audience and what do they aim to do?

Answer 15

Canadian Prenatal Nutrition Program

• target: teens, low-income mothers
• provide social support & professional advice on nutrition and health

Question 16

how might conditions during pregnancy affect weight of child during adulthood?

Answer 16

1) famine → maternal stress & poor sperm quality
2) low birth weight baby
3) thrifty genotype / epigenotype
4) adult obesity

Question 17

what is “thrifty epigenotype”?

Answer 17

• try to conserve energy due to stress mother experienced during pregnancy
• genotype → changes in DNA
• epigenotype → methylate DNA switches off some genes

Question 18

people who were fetuses during the Dutch Famine had increased risk of… (compared to siblings)

Answer 18

• obesity
• atherogenic lipid profile
• hypertension
• CHD
• impaired glucose tolerance

Question 19

stressors that are similar to famine during pregnancy → lead to similar risks for baby

Answer 19

smoking

Question 20

babies that are exposed to higher levels of insulin during pregnancy (mother is type 2 diabetic – likely overweight) had _____ compared to siblings before mother developed diabetes (likely skinnier)

Answer 20

- higher adolescent BMI
increased risk for:
- obesity
- impaired glucose tolerance
- poorer mental abilities

Question 21

Risk factor for adult obesity that may occur during infancy

Answer 21

• high birth weight
• reduced breast feeding
• weight gain during first weeks of life
• less sleep

Question 22

recommendations for breast feeding

Answer 22

• exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months

- introduction of solid food after

Question 23

what is used to assess health of brain in infants?

Answer 23

circumference of head

Question 24

what is used to determine if baby is a healthy weight?

Answer 24

PERCENTILES

• 50th percentile = avg
• 98th percentile = higher than 98% of other babies = overweight
• 10th percentile = higher than 10% of other babies = underweight

Question 25

___th percentile is considered overweight for children, and __th percentile is considered obese

Answer 25

85-97;

>97

Question 26

childhood obesity in 1978 vs. 2004

Answer 26

• significantly more obese people in 2004

- overall more overweight & obese people in 2004

Question 27

environmental factors causing childhood obesity

Answer 27

• fast food
• screen time
• lack of exercise

Question 28

Parental influence on childhood weight

Answer 28

Heavier parents are more likely to have heavier children

• genetics
• environment at home

Question 29

physical activity recommendation for children

Answer 29

60 min moderate/vigorous activity per day

• vigorous activity at least 3 days/week
• muscle strengthening activities at least 3 days/week

Question 30

physical activity recommendation for youth

Answer 30

60 min moderate/vigorous activity per day

• vigorous activity at least 3 days/week
• muscle strengthening activities at least 3 days/week

Question 31

most eating disorders are diagnosed during…

Answer 31

adolescence

Question 32

Factors that increase risk of malnutrition in elderly

Answer 32

• reduced food intake
• reduced nutrient absorption & utilization
• increased nutrient requirement when ill
• increased nutrient loss

Question 33

Consequences of malnutrition

Answer 33

decreased muscle mass → decreased accessibility of food → decreased nutrient intake → more malnutrition

decreased immune function → increased illness → increased use of medication + decreased accessibility of food + decreased nutrient intake → more malnutrition

Question 34

physical activity recommendation for eldery

Answer 34

• > 150 min moderate/vigorous aerobic exercise / week (at least 10 minutes per session)
• muscle & bone strengthening exercise 2 times/week
• if poor mobility: do activities that improve balance & prevent falls