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NFS284 > NFS284: Fat 3 > Flashcards

NFS284: Fat 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what happens when alcohol intake > ability of liver to break it down?

A

alcohol intoxication / alcohol poisoning

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2
Q

why does alcohol poisoning occur?

A

when alcohol intake > ability of liver to break it down

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3
Q

What happens when alcohol poisoning occurs

A

circulating alcohol in the blood affects CNS, breathing, HR

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4
Q

define: alcoholism

A

chronic alcohol use

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5
Q

effects of alcoholism

A
  1. malnutrition

2. toxin & free radical accumulation

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6
Q

effects of alcoholism: manutrition

A
  • eat less of other nutrients

- interfere w/ nutrient absorption, storage, metabolism, excretion

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7
Q

effects of alcoholism: toxin & free radical accumulation

A
  • causes liver damage
  • hypertension, heart disease, stroke
  • increased risk for cancers
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8
Q

types of liver damage

A
  • fatty liver
  • alcoholic hepatitis
  • alcoholic cirrhosis
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9
Q

toxin & free radical accumulation may increase risk of which cancers?

A 
oesophagus
mouth
pharynx
larynx
liver
pancreas
colon
breast
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10
Q

what happens when mom drinks while pregnant (during the first __ weeks of pregnancy)?

A

fetal alcohol syndrome

12

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11
Q

symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome

A
  • mental retardation
  • physical deformities
  • short stature
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12
Q

can FAS be treated?

A

no, but can be prevented

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13
Q

Are there benefits to alcohol consumption?

A

Yes, in moderation

  • lower mortality
  • reduced risk for heart disease & stroke
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14
Q

what enhances the benefits of alchol?

A

phytochemicals

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15
Q

effect of moderate drinking

A
  • higher HDL
  • lower LDL
  • less blood clotting
  • less platelet aggregation
  • less homocysteine
    less cell aggregation
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16
Q

effect of excessive drinking

A
  • increase acetaldehyde
  • increase oxidative stress
  • increase triglycerides
  • decrease HDL
  • increase cell aggregation
  • increase reactive species
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17
Q

who should completely avoid alcohol?

A
  • pregnant women
  • children
  • people who operate machinery
  • alcoholics
  • people taking medicine that reacts w/ alcohol
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18
Q

What affects seriousness of heart attacks?

A
  • strength of MI

- area affected

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19
Q

__ and __ affect the risk of developing CVD

A

diet

lifestyle

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20
Q

define: atherosclerosis

A

hardening & narrowing of the arteries

disease where lipids & fibrous material are deposited in arterial walls

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21
Q

define: vascular thrombosis

A

blocked arteries

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22
Q

factors that are thought to contribute to thrombosis

A

Virchow’s Triad

  1. change in blood vessel wall (atherosclerosis)
  2. change in blood flow (vasoconstrict/dilate)
  3. change in blood constituents (clotting)
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23
Q

Formation of plaque

A
  1. LDL enters endothelial cells
  2. get oxidized
  3. engulfed my macrophage with scavenger receptor
  4. becomes foam cell
  5. sits and accumulates, while promoting smooth muscles division
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24
Q

what forms on top of a plaque?

A

fibrous cap and platelets

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25
formation of blood clot in vessels
fibrous cap breaks
26
how does each lipoprotein affect CVD risk?
``` chylomicron: no effect VLDL: increase IDL: increase LDL: INCREASE! HDL: lower ```
27
can atherosclerosis be cured?
some kind of regression: - does not go away - stabilized fibrous cap - less inflammation
28
Relationship between LDL and CVD
causal: high LDL causes CVD
29
Statins
effective drugs at lowering LDL
30
How to measure endothelial function?
flow-mediated dilation (FMD) | Give measurement that tells % increase in arteriole diameter from baseline when cells require more O2
31
endothelial function changes...
blood flow (part of Virchow's Triad)
32
effect of high fat on FMD
Reduce ability of arteries to dilate | Just SFA
33
relationship: fish consumption and CVD risk
Decrease
34
Why might fish reduce CVD risk?
- reduce serum TG | - reduce blood clotting
35
Fish mainly gives which FA?
EPA | DHA
36
What type of fish has the most w3?
Fatty fish | salmon, swordfish, trout
37
Relationship between fish oils and CVD disease
No effect
38
what does fish oil do?
lower TG
39
is it the w3 in fish that is causing the lowered CVD risk?
Probably not, since pure w3FA only reduced TG levels
40
Risk factors for CVD are divided into...
1. not modifiable | 2. modifiable
41
not modifiable risks for CVD include...
- age - sex - family history
42
example of CVD caused by genetics
FHC: LDL receptor disfunction, so liver can't remove LDL from blood
43
modifiable risks for CVD
- weight - PA - smoking - BP - diabetes - LDL levels, VLDL levels - HDL levels
44
Which 3 modifiable risks for CVD must be treated together?
- weight - PA - Smoking
45
Does losing weight reduce risk for CVD by itself?
Yes, but indirectly through diabetes
46
CHO has what effect on lipoproteins?
reduced CHO = increase HDL
47
MUFA has what effect on lipoproteins?
Increase MUFA = decrease LDL | increase MUFA = decrease VLDL
48
w6 PUFA has what effect on lipoproteins?
Increase w6 = decrease LDL | increase w6 = increase VLDL
49
TFA has what effect on lipoproteins?
increase TFA = decrease HDL
50
w3 has what effect on lipoproteins?
decrease VLDL | decrease TG
51
Cholesterol has what effect on lipoproteins?
Small increase in LDL
52
SFA has what effect on lipoproteins?
Increase SFA = increase LDL
53
Best way to increase HDL while lowering VLDL and LDL?
exercise
54
fructose has what effect on lipoproteins?
lower HDL | increase VLDL
55
soluble fibre has what effect on lipoproteins?
Lower LDL
56
animal protein has what effect on lipoproteins?
increase LDL
57
plant sterols has what effect on lipoproteins?
lower LDL
58
weight loss has what effect on lipoproteins?
reduce VLDL
59
Dietary factors can lower cholesterol by...
25-35%
60
What are some dietary factors that can lower cholesterol?
- reduce SFA: 5-10% - increase soluble fibre: 5% - veggie protein > meat protein: 5% - unsaturated FA from nuts: 5% - plant steroles: 5-10%
61
statins can lower cholesterol by...
50%
62
Drugs can lower cholesterol by...
75%
63
How does losing weight & exercise reduce risk for CVD?
- less BP - reduce inflammation - improve insulin sensitivity
64
How does w3FA reduce CVD risk?
reduce blood clotting | reduce inflammation
65
What ions can reduce blood pressure?
Ca++ | K+

NFS284 (16 decks)

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