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NFS284 > NFS284: Fat 2 > Flashcards

NFS284: Fat 2 Flashcards

1
Q

alchoholic beverages consist of…

A
  • water
  • ethanol
  • sugar
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2
Q

calories: alcohol

A

7 kal/g

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3
Q

when is an alcohol considered “light”?

A

low in carb

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4
Q

alcohols that are lower in carbs…

A

contain less energy

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5
Q

absorption of alcohol

A

rapidly absorbed by simple diffusion along entire GI tract

-> rapidly distributed throughout all body water components

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6
Q

__% of alcohol is absorbed in the stomach

A

20

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7
Q

__% of alcohol is metabolized at the liver, __% excreted into urine, __% exhaled at lungs

A

90
5
5

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8
Q

Difference between effect on blood alcohol levels between men & women

A

women will have higher blood alcohol after consuming the same amount

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9
Q

Factors affecting blood alcohol

A
  1. weight
  2. gender
  3. food
  4. drinking rate
  5. drink type
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10
Q

Effect of weight on blood alcohol

A 
heavier = less effect
heavier = more body water = alcohol is diluted
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11
Q

Effect of gender on blood alcohol

A

males = less effect

Have more body water & more alcohol dehydrogenase activity in stomach

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12
Q

Effect of food on blood alcohol

A

consuming foods beforehand = less effect

reduces rate of absorption

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13
Q

Effect of drinking rate on blood alcohol

A

drink slower = less effect

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14
Q

Effect of drink type on blood alcohol

A
  • amount of ethanol/drink

- carbonation = more effect

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15
Q

2 ways in which ethanol is metabolized

A
  1. cytosol alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)

2. microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS)

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16
Q

ADH

A

break down small amounts of alcohol in cytosol

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17
Q

MEOS

A

break down large amounts of alcohol

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18
Q

alcohol tend to be converted into…

A

lipids

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19
Q

action of ADH

A

alcohol -> acetaldehyde

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20
Q

pathway of alcohol metabolism

A
  1. alcohol -> acetaldehyde (ADH or MEOS)
  2. acetaldehyde -> acetyl-coa (aldehyde dehydrogenase)
  3. e- released from breakdown of (1) and (2) creates ATP in ETC, but inhibits TCA so acetyl-CoA cannot be used
  4. acetyl-coa -> FA -> TG in liver
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21
Q

TG in liver is used to make…

A

VLDL

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22
Q

how to get rid of cholesterol from body?

A

poop

fibre & drugs bind cholesterol in feces to prevent reabsorption -> secrete more

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23
Q

VLDL is mostly composed of…

A

TG

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24
Q

LDL is mostly composed of…

A

cholesterol

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25
LDL goes to...
- liver | - endothelial cells
26
what enzyme: VLDL -> IDL
LPL
27
what enzyme: chylomicron -> reminant
LPL
28
main component of HDL
protein
29
HDL takes ___ from VLDL
PL
30
what removes cholesterol from endothelial cells?
HDL
31
TG from VLDL is removed and deposited into...
cholesterol esters
32
HDL can become...
cholesterol esters -> join with VLDL -> IDL
33
function: chylomicron
transport dietary fat to adipose & muscle cells
34
function: VLDL
transport endogenous fat to adipose & muscle cells
35
function: IDL
accept cholesterol from HDL, VLDL, LDL
36
function: LDL
carry cholesterol to liver and tissues
37
function: HDL
pick up cholesterol from tissues
38
As lipoprotein carriers change (in order), what happens to TG levels?
decrease
39
As lipoprotein carriers change (in order), what happens to PL levels?
increase
40
As lipoprotein carriers change (in order), what happens to cholesterol levels?
Increase (max at LDL), then decrease at HDL
41
As lipoprotein carriers change (in order), what happens to protein levels?
increase
42
composition of chylomicron
85 TG : 8 PL : 5 Chol : 2 Pro
43
composition of VLDL
50 TG : 20 PL : 20 Chol : 10 Pro
44
composition of IDL
50 TG : 20 PL : 20 Chol : 10 Pro
45
composition of LDL
10 TG : 20 PL : 50 Chol : 20 Pro
46
composition of HDL
3 TG : 30 PL : 17 Chol : 50 Pro
47
Function of fat in body
- define body shape - stored energy - insulate from temperature changes - protect internal organs from shock - make us feel satiated - transport vit ADEK - structural support for cells - regulation of blood clotting, immune functions, vascular tone
48
most lipids in the body are...
TG stored in adipose tissues
49
Use of fat for energy
1. glycerol backbone -> pyruvate -> acetyl coa -> TCA 2. FA -> acetyl coa -> TCA 3. e- from pyruvate -> acetyl coa goes to ETC 4. e- from FA -> acetyl coa goes to ETC
50
why do fats make us feel satiated?
- more energy dense | - take longer to digest
51
fat provides structure to __ cells
- cell membrane | - nerve cell transmission
52
___ are end products of FA metabolism, and regulate body functions
eicosanoids
53
How does eicosanoids regulate blood clotting?
thromboxanes
54
How does eicosanoids regulate immune functions?
leukotrienes
55
How does eicosanoids regulate vascular tone?
prostagladins
56
enzyme: makes FA C chain loner
elongase
57
enzyme: desaturates FA
desaturase
58
effect of eicosanoids
- more blood clotting | - more macrophage migration
59
effect of ficosanoids
- less blood clotting | - less macrophage migration
60
starting material of eicosanoids
C18:2w6 (omega 6)
61
starting material of ficosanoids
C18:3w3 (omega 3)
62
w3 FA makes... | the effect of the compounds is opposed by __, which is made by w6FA
Eicosanoids | Ficosanoids
63
Function of fat in foods
- flavour | - texture
64
relationship: fat and sugar intake
Inverse
65
AMDR
acceptable macronutrient distribution range
66
AMDR for fat
20-35% of kcal
67
do athletes require more/less fat?
less | 20-25%
68
why do athletes require more fat than normal people?
Glucose burned for energy during exercise
69
saturated fats should be __% of total calories
<7
70
we want to get most of our fat from ___
MUFA
71
Food sources of fat are divided into 2 categories
1. visible fats | 2. invisible fats
72
visible fats
fats we knowingly add to foods
73
invisible fats
fats hidden in foods
74
1% milk means...
1% of the weight comes from fat
75
in milk products, there is a __ relationship between % of weight as fat and % of energy as fat
linear
76
in cheese products, there is a ___ relationship between % of weight as fat and % of energy as fat
not predictable due to some products containing water
77
reduced fat foods
- fat removed - fat replaced - fats that cannot be digested / absorbed
78
fat substitutes
- carbs - protein - fat-based products
79
purpose of fat substitutes
mimic the taste and texture of fat

NFS284 (16 decks)

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