Secondary syphilis and yaws Flashcards
What is the cause of secondary syphilis?
Secondary syphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, which is sexually transmitted.
What is a key diagnostic feature of secondary syphilis?
A generalized symmetric rash that is not itchy, often affecting the palms, soles, and face.
What is a helpful history to ask for in suspected secondary syphilis?
A history of a primary ulcer on the genital area or lips 1 to 2 months before the rash appears.
How is secondary syphilis diagnosed?
Positive RPR or VDRL screening tests confirmed by a positive TPHA, which is specific for Treponemal antibodies. Results may be affected in yaws-endemic areas or with concomitant HIV infection.
What is the first-line treatment for secondary syphilis?
Benzathine penicillin, 2.4 million units per intramuscular injection weekly for 3 weeks.
What is the alternative treatment for secondary syphilis in case of penicillin allergy?
Erythromycin, 500 mg taken orally four times daily for 2 weeks
What causes yaws and what is the primary lesion?
Yaws is caused by a treponema. The primary lesion, called “mother yaws,” is a wet, easily bleeding, raspberry-like papule or nodule that leaves an atrophic scar after a few weeks.
What happens if the primary yaws infection is not treated?
If untreated, secondary lesions (“daughter yaws”) may appear as generalized nodules, ulcerations, and condylomata.
How does the reactivity to VDRL and TPHA in yaws compare to syphilis?
Reactivity to VDRL and TPHA in yaws is the same as for syphilis.
What is the first-line treatment for yaws?
Benzathine penicillin, 2.4 million units per intramuscular injection, repeated after two weeks. For children, 1.2 million units per IM injection, repeated after two weeks.
What is the alternative treatment for yaws in case of penicillin allergy?
Erythromycin, 500 mg taken orally four times daily for 2 weeks.
