Leishmaniasis Flashcards
What causes Leishmaniasis?
Leishmaniasis is caused by an infection with the Leishmania parasite, transmitted by the bite of an infected sandfly.
What is the typical incubation period for Leishmaniasis, and how do the symptoms present?
The incubation period for Leishmaniasis ranges from two weeks to four months. An erythematous or skin-colored nodule appears, which ulcerates, becomes crusted or verrucous, and eventually leaves a scar.
Where on the body are Leishmaniasis lesions typically found?
Lesions are typically found on moist areas around the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth. They may be present on the skin, mucous membranes, or both.
What is mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis?
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis is a form of Leishmaniasis that affects both the skin and mucous membranes, potentially leading to the complete destruction of the nose and does not heal spontaneously.
What are some potential complications of Leishmaniasis?
Complications include lymphadenitis, visceral leishmaniasis (Kala Azar), and Post Kala Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL). In some cases, Leishmaniasis can become generalized, with infiltration and nodules over the whole body, persisting for life.
What are the management options for the sore type of Leishmaniasis?
Management options include:
Cryosurgery
Excision
In some cases, itraconazole or ketoconazole may be tried
ow is Leishmaniasis with lymphadenitis treated?
Treatment options include:
Pentavalent antimony preparations (stibogluconate): Glucantine or Pentostam at 20 mg/kg/day for 20-30 days, administered intravenously (i.v.) or intramuscularly (i.m.)
Pentamidine isothionate at 4 mg/kg/week for 4 weeks to 8 months
Amphotericin B at 1 mg/kg on alternate days for 2 months
What is the treatment for Post Kala Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL)?
PKDL is treated with stibogluconate.
How is diffuse generalized Leishmaniasis managed?
t is managed with repeated courses of pentamidine isothionate.
