Acne and Rosea

Question 1

What is the primary structure involved in the pathogenesis of acne?

Answer 1

The primary structure involved in acne pathogenesis is the pilosebaceous duct.

Question 2

What are the key factors in the pathogenesis of acne?

Answer 2

The key factors include pilosebaceous duct hyperkeratosis, increased sebum secretion, colonization of the duct with Propionibacterium acnes, and the release of inflammatory mediators.

Question 3

How does Propionibacterium acnes contribute to acne development?

Answer 3

Propionibacterium acnes colonizes the pilosebaceous duct and contributes to inflammation by releasing inflammatory mediators.

Question 4

What is the result of pilosebaceous duct hyperkeratosis in acne?

Answer 4

Pilosebaceous duct hyperkeratosis leads to the blockage of the duct, which can result in the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads).

Question 5

What role does increased sebum secretion play in acne?

Answer 5

Increased sebum secretion creates an environment that promotes the growth of Propionibacterium acnes and contributes to the blockage of the pilosebaceous duct.

Question 6

What is the most common type of acne?

Answer 6

The most common type of acne is Acne Vulgaris.

Question 7

Which type of acne is characterized by large, interconnected nodules and is often severe?

Answer 7

Acne Conglobata is characterized by large, interconnected nodules and is often severe.

Question 8

What is Acne Excoriée?

Answer 8

Acne Excoriée, also known as picker’s acne, is a type of acne where the lesions are exacerbated by picking or scratching.

Question 9

What type of acne is caused by the use of cosmetics or oily products?

Answer 9

Cosmetic or Pommade Acne is caused by the use of cosmetics or oily products.

Question 10

Which type of acne involves keloid formation around the hair follicles, particularly in people with dark skin?

Answer 10

Acne Keloidalis involves keloid formation around the hair follicles, particularly in people with dark skin.

Question 11

What is Drug-Induced Acne, and what are some common drugs that cause it?

Answer 11

Drug-Induced Acne is caused by certain medications, including hormones (androgens), isoniazid, rifampicin, antiepileptics, and steroids.

Question 12

What is Infantile Acne?

Answer 12

Infantile Acne occurs in young children, usually presenting with comedones, papules, and sometimes pustules.

Question 13

What is Chloracne, and what causes it?

Answer 13

Chloracne is a type of acne caused by exposure to chlorinated hydrocarbons, often associated with industrial chemical exposure.

Question 14

What are the general recommendations for acne treatment?

Answer 14

General recommendations include avoiding the use of very oily products (e.g., Vaseline, oils, or heavy cosmetics), keeping the skin clean without overwashing or using very hot water, using a gentle face wash, avoiding aggressive soaps or peelings, and not manipulating (picking or squeezing) the acne lesions.

Question 15

What are the main categories of topical treatments for acne?

Answer 15

The main categories of topical treatments are comedolytic (keratolytic) agents and anti-inflammatory agents.

Question 16

What are some examples of comedolytic agents used in the topical treatment of acne?

Answer 16

Examples of comedolytic agents include Benzoyl Peroxide (2.5-10% gel), Tretinoin (0.02%-0.1% cream/gel), and Adapalene.

Question 17

What are some examples of anti-inflammatory agents used in the topical treatment of acne?

Answer 17

Examples of anti-inflammatory agents include Clindamycin 1% lotion and Erythromycin 1-2% lotion.

Question 18

What is the role of oral antibiotics in acne treatment, and what are some commonly used options?

Answer 18

Oral antibiotics are used for their anti-inflammatory properties in treating moderate to severe acne. Commonly used options include Tetracycline, Minocycline, and Doxycycline, typically prescribed for a course of 3 months.

Question 19

What is the role of retinoids in acne treatment, and what precautions are associated with their use?

Answer 19

Retinoids, such as Isotretinoin, are used for severe or resistant acne and work by reducing sebum production and preventing the formation of new acne lesions. They are highly teratogenic, requiring careful monitoring, including regular lab tests and pregnancy tests in women.

Question 20

What is the common duration for oral Isotretinoin treatment in acne?

Answer 20

The common duration for oral Isotretinoin treatment is 6-9 months, with a cumulative dose of 120-150 mg/kg.

Question 21

What are some common side effects of oral Isotretinoin?

Answer 21

Common side effects of oral Isotretinoin include dry skin (especially mucosal surfaces), headache, muscle aches, and fatigue.

Question 22

At what age does Rosacea typically start?

Answer 22

Rosacea typically starts in middle-aged people.

Question 23

Which gender is more commonly affected by Rosacea?

Answer 23

Women are more commonly affected by Rosacea than men.

Question 24

What are the four main types of Rosacea?

Answer 24

The four main types of Rosacea are Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea, Papulopustular Rosacea, Phymatous Rosacea, and Ocular Rosacea.

Question 25

What are the characteristics of Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea?

Answer 25

Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea is characterized by diffuse erythema and visible blood vessels (telangiectasia).

Question 26

What are the characteristics of Papulopustular Rosacea?

Answer 26

Papulopustular Rosacea is characterized by the presence of papules and pustules, without comedones.

Question 27

What is Phymatous Rosacea, and what feature is it commonly associated with?

Answer 27

Phymatous Rosacea is characterized by skin thickening and irregular surface nodularity, often associated with rhinophyma, which affects the nose

Question 28

What are the common symptoms of Ocular Rosacea?

Answer 28

Common symptoms of Ocular Rosacea include eye irritation, dryness, burning, and redness, potentially leading to complications like blepharitis and keratitis.

Question 29

What general measures are recommended for managing Rosacea?

Answer 29

General measures include sun avoidance, photoprotection, gentle skin care, and avoiding triggers such as ultraviolet radiation, spicy foods, hot or alcoholic beverages, stress, and extreme temperatures.

Question 30

What are the treatment options for Rosacea?

Answer 30

Treatment options include topical anti-inflammatory agents like Metronidazole, oral antibiotics such as Tetracycline, Doxycycline, and Minocycline, oral Isotretinoin for severe cases, and laser therapy for reducing redness.