Acne and Rosea Flashcards
What is the primary structure involved in the pathogenesis of acne?
The primary structure involved in acne pathogenesis is the pilosebaceous duct.
What are the key factors in the pathogenesis of acne?
The key factors include pilosebaceous duct hyperkeratosis, increased sebum secretion, colonization of the duct with Propionibacterium acnes, and the release of inflammatory mediators.
How does Propionibacterium acnes contribute to acne development?
Propionibacterium acnes colonizes the pilosebaceous duct and contributes to inflammation by releasing inflammatory mediators.
What is the result of pilosebaceous duct hyperkeratosis in acne?
Pilosebaceous duct hyperkeratosis leads to the blockage of the duct, which can result in the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads).
What role does increased sebum secretion play in acne?
Increased sebum secretion creates an environment that promotes the growth of Propionibacterium acnes and contributes to the blockage of the pilosebaceous duct.
What is the most common type of acne?
The most common type of acne is Acne Vulgaris.
Which type of acne is characterized by large, interconnected nodules and is often severe?
Acne Conglobata is characterized by large, interconnected nodules and is often severe.
What is Acne Excoriée?
Acne Excoriée, also known as picker’s acne, is a type of acne where the lesions are exacerbated by picking or scratching.
What type of acne is caused by the use of cosmetics or oily products?
Cosmetic or Pommade Acne is caused by the use of cosmetics or oily products.
Which type of acne involves keloid formation around the hair follicles, particularly in people with dark skin?
Acne Keloidalis involves keloid formation around the hair follicles, particularly in people with dark skin.
What is Drug-Induced Acne, and what are some common drugs that cause it?
Drug-Induced Acne is caused by certain medications, including hormones (androgens), isoniazid, rifampicin, antiepileptics, and steroids.
What is Infantile Acne?
Infantile Acne occurs in young children, usually presenting with comedones, papules, and sometimes pustules.
What is Chloracne, and what causes it?
Chloracne is a type of acne caused by exposure to chlorinated hydrocarbons, often associated with industrial chemical exposure.
What are the general recommendations for acne treatment?
General recommendations include avoiding the use of very oily products (e.g., Vaseline, oils, or heavy cosmetics), keeping the skin clean without overwashing or using very hot water, using a gentle face wash, avoiding aggressive soaps or peelings, and not manipulating (picking or squeezing) the acne lesions.
What are the main categories of topical treatments for acne?
The main categories of topical treatments are comedolytic (keratolytic) agents and anti-inflammatory agents.
What are some examples of comedolytic agents used in the topical treatment of acne?
Examples of comedolytic agents include Benzoyl Peroxide (2.5-10% gel), Tretinoin (0.02%-0.1% cream/gel), and Adapalene.
What are some examples of anti-inflammatory agents used in the topical treatment of acne?
Examples of anti-inflammatory agents include Clindamycin 1% lotion and Erythromycin 1-2% lotion.
What is the role of oral antibiotics in acne treatment, and what are some commonly used options?
Oral antibiotics are used for their anti-inflammatory properties in treating moderate to severe acne. Commonly used options include Tetracycline, Minocycline, and Doxycycline, typically prescribed for a course of 3 months.
What is the role of retinoids in acne treatment, and what precautions are associated with their use?
Retinoids, such as Isotretinoin, are used for severe or resistant acne and work by reducing sebum production and preventing the formation of new acne lesions. They are highly teratogenic, requiring careful monitoring, including regular lab tests and pregnancy tests in women.
What is the common duration for oral Isotretinoin treatment in acne?
The common duration for oral Isotretinoin treatment is 6-9 months, with a cumulative dose of 120-150 mg/kg.
What are some common side effects of oral Isotretinoin?
Common side effects of oral Isotretinoin include dry skin (especially mucosal surfaces), headache, muscle aches, and fatigue.
At what age does Rosacea typically start?
Rosacea typically starts in middle-aged people.
Which gender is more commonly affected by Rosacea?
Women are more commonly affected by Rosacea than men.
What are the four main types of Rosacea?
The four main types of Rosacea are Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea, Papulopustular Rosacea, Phymatous Rosacea, and Ocular Rosacea.
What are the characteristics of Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea?
Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea is characterized by diffuse erythema and visible blood vessels (telangiectasia).
What are the characteristics of Papulopustular Rosacea?
Papulopustular Rosacea is characterized by the presence of papules and pustules, without comedones.
What is Phymatous Rosacea, and what feature is it commonly associated with?
Phymatous Rosacea is characterized by skin thickening and irregular surface nodularity, often associated with rhinophyma, which affects the nose
What are the common symptoms of Ocular Rosacea?
Common symptoms of Ocular Rosacea include eye irritation, dryness, burning, and redness, potentially leading to complications like blepharitis and keratitis.
What general measures are recommended for managing Rosacea?
General measures include sun avoidance, photoprotection, gentle skin care, and avoiding triggers such as ultraviolet radiation, spicy foods, hot or alcoholic beverages, stress, and extreme temperatures.
What are the treatment options for Rosacea?
Treatment options include topical anti-inflammatory agents like Metronidazole, oral antibiotics such as Tetracycline, Doxycycline, and Minocycline, oral Isotretinoin for severe cases, and laser therapy for reducing redness.
