Second Wave of Conquests

Question 1

IMPERIALISM

Answer 1

the expansion of a nation or state’s territory through military force or diplomacy

Question 2

CONTEXT

Answer 2

much of Africa, Asia, and the Pacific Islands became under colonial control of Europe and/or other major players (USA, Japan, Germany, Belgium)- all conquests involved force and was a direct outcome of the Industrial Revolution (new materials, economic needs, technologies)

Question 3

TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS THAT CONTRIBUTED TO IMPERIALISM

Answer 3

steam-ships, telegraph, quinine to prevent malaria

Question 4

RACE AND RELIGION

Answer 4

Europe started to judge people based on religion and race&raquo_space; decline in opinions about other cultures

> > > New kind of racism called “scientific racism” - idea that race determined intelligence, moral development, even destiny; races were deemed higher or lower class based on this (whites were superior because of the size and shape of their skull)

Question 5

SOCIAL DARWINISM

Answer 5

contributed to much of Imperialism; applied Darwin’s evolutionary concept of “the survival of the fittest” to society; made wars and conflicts seem natural- Europe had more resources so it was more “fit to survive” compared to Africa

Question 6

AFRICA

Answer 6

before Imperialism, Africa was called the “Dark Continent” because no white man had ever stepped foot in Africa (the first to do so was Livingstone- a British missionary)

> > In the second half of the 1800s, Europe started to colonize much of Africa due to technological advantages (firearms)- mainly France, Britain, Belgium

Question 7

EXAMPLES OF EUROPEAN COLONIZATION IN AFRICA

Answer 7

Britain established the “Cape to Cairo” dream- wanted to colonize everything from Cairo to South Africa

France wanted to colonize everything from West to East (North and Central Africa)

> > Eventually, the two nations met at Fashoda, Britain on warships, French with canoes

Question 8

OTHER EXAMPLES ELSEWHERE

Answer 8

Pacific Islands was conquered (1875-1900); Britain conquered Australia and New Zealand (disease killed about 75% of the natives); USA took over the American West, Mexico, and the Philippines; Russia conquered Siberia in Central Asia