Second Bishops War And Why They Failed Flashcards
After short parliament was dissolved (13 April-5 May 1640), who did Charles call on for help with raising war against scots again ?
The privy council. They advised him to call parliament as £360000 had been raised by private individuals and corporations but it wasn’t enough. This King needed London but the city refused to help unless parliament was called. Stratford recommended using the Irish forces.
What canons did laud issue in 1640?
Ecclesiastical cabins asserting authority of Charles, blaming innovations on Puritan critics, and oath of support for 39 articles, prayer book, and the discipline of government as necessary for salvation, rejecting Puritan holy scripture. Divine right was reinforced.
Describe key features of second bishop war…
The English army moved North as Northumberland claimed illness and Strafford cried of having gout. The Scottish attacked at battle of Newburn while the armed forces stayed in York and captured Newcastle while desertion resumed. This commended on 28 Aug 1640. Covenanters contacted the Puritan network.
Describe how the second Bishops War was ended, Aug 1640..
On 24 Sept, the Council of Peers, York, claimed Charles had to prevent scots from reaching there with parliament recalled.
21 Oct 1640 Treaty of Ripon :
Scots keep Newcastle until agreement made
Scots paid £850 a day
English parliament recalled.
Nov 1640 writs reissued to county sheriffs for parliamentary election.
Named the failed attack of Hamilton at first bishops war, earl of Antrim, and Strafford’s Irish force for second.
Duke of Hamilton : as Scottish advisor, his plans to blockade Edinburgh failed as Charles couldn’t exploit divisions and win a royal party in Scotland.
Earl of Antrim : his West Coast attack plain was a failure. He claimed Earl of Argyll in Campbell had never claimed his land.
10,000 of expeditionary force from Strafford never reached Dumbarton.
Why were the wars a failure?
Poor organised militia;didn’t muster regularly and used substitution clause.
Musket makers fled to Netherlands and 2000 pikes ordered were inefficient. There was lack of arms and most were rotten. (Conrad Russel)
10 days before Newburn Windebank revealed no weapons in troops. Only 1/3 were armed.
3.5 years to produce arms at 700ft a month for 30,000
Commanders arundel and Northumberland were knights and gentlemen who were inexperienced in battle.
Catholics fought to increase tension, 2 murders in 1640.
Charles had to rely on prerogative expenditure which couldn’t keep a large army supplied, mutinies as a result.
Invasion delayed until July due to militia being charge on land, Conrad Russel believes avoiding law lowered morale. Only loyal basis was prerogative as militia act lapsed in 1604, and convocation had not dissolved despite parliament dissolving.
Pym in Short Parliament exposed unlawful military levies.
Deputy lieutenants and constables expected to collect coat and conduct money only did unpaid services for status.
Charles assumed people hated scots but many hated his rule more, and scots used propaganda to appear as liberators such as ‘When we’re slain, the rod comes to your breech.’
