Charles' Foreign Policy Flashcards
Who did Charles show lack of commitment to?
Parliament.
What were problems with Charles’ personality?
He was shy, didn’t follow dining etiquette, kept distance from his subjects, had a stammer, mostly took advice from Buckingham and a small circle of inner advisers.
Which people did Charles offer patronage to?
Catholic artist Peter Paul Rubens who painted the ceiling of the Banqueting House, Whitehall, used for masques which were seen as immoral exports from France and Italy.
Gian Lorenzo Bernini, who made a bust of the King, and held negotiations with Charles and the pope’s nephew.
William Prynne found this seduced the King with Rome vanities.
Patronage of architect Inigo Jones, who had Palladian style of building stuff, was seen as ‘un-English.’
Who did Charles marry and how many children did he have with her by 1644?
He married Henrietta Maria, and had warm, loving marriage, having Charles in 1630 and 6 children by 1644.
Who did Charles take advice from?
Buckingham and a small circle of inner advisors.
How much did Parliament offer in 1624 for subsidies for war?
£114,000, 2 subsidies, as they had no account of how war would be made, who the enemy was, or account of the money spent.
Describe events in Cádiz, Spain, October 1625?
Charles managed to raise £500,000, including £120,000 from the Queen’s dowry, spending the most on preparing the navy. There were provision shortages due to poor administration.
When the troops arrived at Cádiz, found a farm full of wine before attacking, and became drunken.
Beer and water shortages created sickness, and they had to return to England, with Buckingham, lord admiral, criticised for not having good provisions.
Describe events in October 1626, Spain.
Troops were sent to Spain as they could not sustain themselves over the winter.
Supplies cost lots to make, and would begin to rot.
Violent storms at the Bay of Biscay stopped arrival.
Describe events at Rhé expedition, France.
In 1625, English ships used by Cardinal Richelieu were used to defeat Huguenots.
A 3 pronged attack was planned with the Dukes of Savoy and Lorraine, alongside an English fleet to La Rochelle, the Huguenot stronghold.
Buckingham, furious, was ready to capture Rhé Island, encircling Rochelle. Citadel was besieged.
Buckingham was inexperienced in military and did not receive backing, supplies, and resources from England. Scaling ladders were too short for citadel.
Buckingham was responsible for English administration, with poor efforts to obtain cash and new efforts/systems for an advancing army.
Buckingham’s return was mourned more than the lives lost.
What did John Eliot, one of Buckingham’s clients, declare in 1626?
John Eliot, one of Buckingham’s clients, declared in 1626 that, ‘our honour is ruined, our men perished… not by the enemy, but by those we trust.’ He criticised Buckingham’s foreign policy and turned the Commons against the Crown.
What did John Felton work on with Buckingham, and what did he do in 1628 which was celebrated by the public? What was the consequence?
John Felton, who also worked on the Cádiz expedition, was disillusioned by Buckingham, as Lord Lieutenant, and stabbed him in 1628, killing him as he prepared for the third La Rochelle expedition, motivated by the remonstrance which named Buckingham responsible for the nation’s ills. He was hanged in November 1628.
How many mourned Buckingham’s funeral, and why was his body secretly buried? What did one man write?
Only 100 mourned Buckingham’s funeral, with his body secretly buried to avoid attacks by the public, as one man wrote, ‘ here lies the best and worst of fate, two Kings’ delight, the people’s hate.’
What were consequences of Buckingham’s death? When was La Rochelle seized and what did Charles dissolve as a result? What treaty was made with France and Spain?
Charles was scarred by the events, with public rejoice distancing him from the public, while he blamed Parliament for his death. He continued with Buckingham’s foreign policy, but La Rochelle was seized by October 1628. Charles dissolved the 1629 Parliament and made the Treaty of Souza with France in April 1929, and the Treaty of Madrid, November 1630, with promises to restore Palatinate as a general settlement.
