Billiard Ball Effect Flashcards
Ireland was…
Mainly Catholic, with order established over the native Irish, Old English Catholics, and New English Catholics; the Privy Council were answerable to the English Privy Council.
England was…
Mainly Anglican, with Catholics in the North and Midlands, and Puritans concentrated in Somerset, East Anglia, and Lincolnshire. England was dominant in the British Isles with the Stuarts trying to enforce Anglican unity on them.
Scotland was…
Fiercely Presbyterian lowland, and Catholic highlands and islands. Since the 16th century the lowland was used to running their own affairs with the fall of Mary Queen of Scots and Stuart accession to throne.
What did Charles announce in 1625?
1625 - Charles announced that lands given by the Crown and Kirk to be revoked in Scotland, to acquire tithes in exchange for confirming possession of land. This was done without reference to Scottish Privy Council.
Where did Charles visit in 1633?
1633 - First visit to Scotland where Charles was crowned King in Edinburgh. He was appalled at the presbyterian lack of ceremony and unscripted prayers, while they were shocked at the bishops’ wearing of the surplice and mitre, and the Scots ridiculed the ‘praying by numbers’ approach.
What book did Charles decide to introduce as a result of the 1633 visit to Scotland?
As a result of his Edinburgh visit, Charles decided a new prayer book would be introduced to Scotland from July 1637, not taking advise from Privy Council, Scottish Parliament, or the General Assembly of the Kirk. He alienated many potential supporters.
What canons were introduced in 1635?
in 1635 a new set of ecclesiastical canons were introduced requiring clergy to swear to enforce the new liturgy before it was published; their credibility had been damaged when several bishops were appointed to the Scottish privy council.
What did Jenny Geddes do on 23 July 1637 at St Giles Cathedral?
23 July 1637 - Dean Hannah at St Giles Cathedral, Edinburgh, had a stool thrown at him by Jenny Geddes, and he was pelted with crickets, stones, sticks, and stools. The Bishop of Brechin threatened his audience with two pistols to prevent such demonstrations.
When was The Tables set up? When was the Covenant made and what confessions did it contain? What did the Covenant condemn?
‘The Tables,’ was set up to organise opposition, (November 1637). In February 1638, they organised the National Covenant, where Scots committed to nationalism and Calvinism, with the covenant containing the Confession of Faith, faith to Calvinism, of 1540, and the ‘Negative Faith,’ of opposition to Catholics, from 1541. It condemned ecclesiastical canons of 1635 and the Prayer Book.
When were bishops abolished?
November 1638 : Bishops abolished by General Assembly of Kirk.
What did Charles do to buy time in September 1638?
Charles begins to prepare for war, with concessions announced in September 1638 to buy time, such as suspending prayer book and canons.
Why did Charles think the Scots could be beaten easily?
In 1639, the King believed the English could easily defeat the Scots. The Scots hadn’t won war since 1314.
What was the plan for the First Bishops War?
The Duke of Hamilton would take the English fleet to the Firth of Forth, cutting off Edinburgh from the Highlands. The army would assemble at York before invading. The Scots would be expected to desert before a settlement and arrest of covenanters followed.
The Earl of Arundel was made Captain-General of the army, while Earl of Essex supported him. Lord Holland had independent command of cavalry.
What did Charles hope to achieve to enforce his power?
Charles hoped a friendly party in Scotland would ensure power once it had been conquered, and he expected to bring home the message that resistance would be futile. Some leading members of the Puritan network began communications with the Scottish rebels.
What did Charles do to embarrass some lords?
Charles tried to embarrass lords, calling upon Lord Saye and Sele and Lord Brooke from York, who refused to bring weapons an money and fight, and refused to take oath to allegiance, and so were imprisoned.
