Religion - 1603-5 - BETTER Flashcards
What was the Millenary Petition?
In 1603 James was presented with the Millenary Petition which was thought to have been signed by 1000 puritans.
What were requests issued for the Millenary Petition?
Removal of cross symbol when a baby is baptised, bowing to Jesus’ name, and rings in marriage. Shorter services for longer sermons. Limited singing in Church. Disliked vestments: cap and surplice. Wanted end to pluralism. Recognition of Sabbath. Court of High Commission to base bible as source of rules, not law. New bible translation.
What happened in May 1603?
In May 1603 James ordered recusancy fines to be payed.
What were the Bye and Main Plots?
May-December 1603 Bye and Main Plots
Bye Plot: aim to kidnap James on his way to London and force him to make concessions to Protestants and Catholics. Catholic priests and Puritan preachers were involved.
Main Plot: James was to be replaced by Arabella Stuart, his cousin. Habsburg support was shown with high profilers such as Sir Walter Raleigh. Betrayed by Jesuit priests.
What were results of the Bye and Main Plots?
Trials were held simultaneously for both plots and only one execution was made as most confessed fully.
Recusancy fines stopped.
On 22 February 1604 an edict was issued banning Catholic priests while James tried to convince Pope (Clement VIII), that he would convert to Roman Catholicism if the Pope relinquished power.
Who were the Jesuits and who were the Habsburgs?
HABSBURGS:
The ruling family of Spain, modern day Germany, and Netherlands, (the Holy Roman Empire), and duchies in France.
JESUITS:
International order of Catholic priests founded by Ignatius Loyola in Spain 1540. Operated secretly in Protestant countries.
Who attended the Hampton Court Conference? What concerns were expressed?
At the Hampton Court Conference there were 9 bishops led by Whitgift and on James’ side, and 5 puritans led by John Reynolds of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. January 1604, lasted three days.
Puritans suggested presbyters run Church instead of bishops. James resented their power and threatened to ‘harry them [puritans] out of the land.’
James turned on bishops when they said no reform was needed.
What was agreed to at the Hampton Court Conference?
James was to reform institutions and explain doctrine to win support of more moderate Puritans, and would ignore demands to achieve a more ‘godly’ Church.
Changes agreed to:
Every Church should have a minister. Universities sent new clergy but the issue of pluralism would be hard to resolve - people couldn’t afford to keep funding posts.
Court of High Commission would deal with heretical crimes, people writing against the Prayer Book, crimes against Church officials etc. Godly lawyers such as Coke helped to put this together.
Bishops couldn’t as easily dismiss ministers.
Thirty Nine Articles would be explained more to outline hierarchy: bishops, priests, deacons. The wearing of the surplice, kneeling at communion and use of cross at baptism would be promoted.
All clergy had to resubscribe to the Thirty Nine Articles.
Bancroft would deny non-conformers of their livings.
Bishops supported reform of the HCC, having political relations to maintain with Puritan gentry who ran secular side of dioceses.
A new Bible translation would be made. James made his official version in 1611.
What were Thirty Nine Articles?
A document drawn up in Elizabeth’s reign which stated what the Church of England believed, and established the via media, middle way - a protestant Church with Catholic elements such as vestements.
What responsibility did deacons have?
Could take lay (non-religious) or clerical office and helped those in need.
Who was John Whitgift?
Was Archbishop of Canterbury when James ascended to the throne. He was appointed by Elizabeth in 1583.
Worked hard to enforce conformity to the Elizabethan religious settlement.
Tried to re-educate clergy away from ‘popish’ superstitions in Church.
Died in 1604 and replaced by Richard Bancroft.
Who was Richard Bancroft?
Anti-puritan.
Appointed with reluctance by James, but would succeed Whitgift as the best choice.
He enforced Thirty Nine Articles, wearing the surplice, and using the cross in baptism. This was James’ bidding.
73-83 clergy were denied livings, and 1% of ministers. 2 Puritan ministers lost their seats. Died in 1610 and replaced by George Abbot.
