SDCEP antibiotic

Question 1

name the first line antibiotics? (3)

Answer 1

amoxicillin
metronidazole
phenymethylpenicillin

Question 2

metronidazole is contraindicated when patient is taking what drug?
- what warning should you give patient before prescribing.

Answer 2

warfarin

no alcohol

Question 3

name the second line antibiotics? (3)

Answer 3

clindamycin
co-amoxiclav
clarithromycin

Question 4

clindamycin

• effective against what kind of bacteria? (2)
• can cause what sort of serious side effect? (1)
• contraindications (1)

Answer 4

• gram positive cocci
• penicillin resistant staphylococci

antibiotic associated collitis

pt with diarrhoeal state

Question 5

co-amoxiclav (augmentin)

• effective against what kind of bacteria? (2)
• can cause what sort of serious side effect? (1)

Answer 5

active against beta-lactamase (penicillin resistant bacteria)

cholestic (obstructive) jaundice

Question 6

clarithromycin

• contraindications? (2)
• drug interactions? (3)

Answer 6

• pregnant
• liver and kidney problems

interactions

• warfarin
• statins
• Ca channel blockers
• cyclosporin

Question 7

doxycycline

• when to prescribe?
• contraindications (3)
• drug interaction (1)

Answer 7

persistent sinusitis

contraindications

• <12 years
• pregnancy / breastfeeding

interaction
- warfarin

Question 8

name 4 antifungals

Answer 8

non-azole type

• nystatin
• amphotericin

azole type

• fluconazole
• miconazole

Question 9

what form (gel, solution, capsule) is ___

• nystatin
• miconazole
• fluconazole

Answer 9

nystatin SOLUTION
miconazole GEL
fluconazole CAPSULE

Question 10

miconazole is effective against what organisms? (2)

Answer 10

• candida

- gram positive cocci

Question 11

name 3 drug interactions with azole type antifungals.

Answer 11

• warfarin
• statins
• theophylline (for COPD)

Question 12

Pt is taking theophylline, what condition does he/she might have? (2)

Answer 12

COPD

asthma

Question 13

what is 2% sodium fusidate used for? (2)

Answer 13

• antibiotic oitment

- angular cheilitis

Question 14

CHX MW

• %?
• interactions? (1)

Answer 14

0.2%

SLS in toothpaste

Question 15

SLS is found in toothpaste.

• what is it?
• function?
• what brand does not have SLS?

Answer 15

• sodium lauryl sulfate
• creates foam
• Sensodyne

Question 16

Hydrogen peroxide

• %?
• properties (2)

Answer 16

6%

• bleaching agent
• antiseptic

Question 17

when would you prescribe Aciclovir?

Answer 17

shingles (herpes zoster)

note:
for PHG, herpangina, glandular fever are self-limiting. No need antivirals

Question 18

Shingles

• also known as?
• what drug is prescribed?

Answer 18

• herpes zoster

- 800mg aciclovir tablet x5 daily.

Question 19

name 2 PPI

Answer 19

lanzoprazole

omeprazole

Question 20

name 4 types of MW

Answer 20

• salt water
• antimicrobial (CHX, hydrogen peroxide)
• tetracycline
• analgesic (benzydamine)

Question 21

name 4 topical corticosteroids

Answer 21

• beclomethasone (clenil modulite)
• betamethasone
• hydrocotisone

Question 22

what is the active ingredient in Clenil Modulite?

Answer 22

beclomethasone

Question 23

name 3 artificial saliva

Answer 23

glandosane
BioXtra gel
Orthana

Question 24

Name 5 NSAIDs

Answer 24

ibuprofen
aspirin
diclofenac
naproxen
benzydamine

Question 25

NSAID contraindications (5)

Answer 25

``` asthma acute peptic ulcer pregnancy/breast feeding renal/liver problems <16 years old ```

Question 26

NSAID drug interactions (4)

Answer 26

anticoagulants (Warfarin) aspirin antihypertensive drugs lithium

Question 27

what is the max 24 hr dose for paracetamol in mg/kg? (2)

Answer 27

>75mg/kg | about 8 x500mg tablets

Question 28

Before prescription of Carbamazepine, what test does pt have to undergo? why?

Answer 28

FBC and liver function test | - carbamazepine has adverse side effects in CNS, including elevated levels of liver transminases

Question 29

what drug causes dry mouth?

Answer 29

tricyclic antidepressants

Question 30

what is the mechanism of Penicillin? (3)

Answer 30

binds to penicillin binding protein (PBP) inhibits transpeptidase - hindering cross-link formation for cell wall integrity. Produces autolysin

Question 31

Augmentin - is also called __ in SDCEP - active ingredient? - how does it overcome penicillin resistance?

Answer 31

- co-amoxiclav - amoxicillin + clavulanic acid - clavulanic acid contains beta lactamase inhibitor.

Question 32

Metronidazole | - mechanism of action? (3)

Answer 32

- inhibit nucleic acid synthesis - by disrupting DNA of microbial cells - this only occurs when metronidazole is partially reduced, which only happens in anaerobic cells.

Question 33

Clindamycin | - mechanism of action (2)

Answer 33

- bacteriostatic effect | - inhibits protein synthesis

Question 34

Paracetamol | - mechanism of action (2)

Answer 34

- COX inhibitor | - Cylcooxygenase (COX) produces prostaglandin, which mediate inflammation, pain, fever

Question 35

NSAID | - mechanism of action (2)

Answer 35

COX inhibitor