SDCEP antibiotic Flashcards

1
Q

name the first line antibiotics? (3)

A

amoxicillin
metronidazole
phenymethylpenicillin

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2
Q

metronidazole is contraindicated when patient is taking what drug?
- what warning should you give patient before prescribing.

A

warfarin

no alcohol

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3
Q

name the second line antibiotics? (3)

A

clindamycin
co-amoxiclav
clarithromycin

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4
Q

clindamycin

  • effective against what kind of bacteria? (2)
  • can cause what sort of serious side effect? (1)
  • contraindications (1)
A
  • gram positive cocci
  • penicillin resistant staphylococci

antibiotic associated collitis

pt with diarrhoeal state

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5
Q

co-amoxiclav (augmentin)

  • effective against what kind of bacteria? (2)
  • can cause what sort of serious side effect? (1)
A

active against beta-lactamase (penicillin resistant bacteria)

cholestic (obstructive) jaundice

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6
Q

clarithromycin

  • contraindications? (2)
  • drug interactions? (3)
A
  • pregnant
  • liver and kidney problems

interactions

  • warfarin
  • statins
  • Ca channel blockers
  • cyclosporin
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7
Q

doxycycline

  • when to prescribe?
  • contraindications (3)
  • drug interaction (1)
A

persistent sinusitis

contraindications

  • <12 years
  • pregnancy / breastfeeding

interaction
- warfarin

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8
Q

name 4 antifungals

A

non-azole type

  • nystatin
  • amphotericin

azole type

  • fluconazole
  • miconazole
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9
Q

what form (gel, solution, capsule) is ___

  • nystatin
  • miconazole
  • fluconazole
A

nystatin SOLUTION
miconazole GEL
fluconazole CAPSULE

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10
Q

miconazole is effective against what organisms? (2)

A
  • candida

- gram positive cocci

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11
Q

name 3 drug interactions with azole type antifungals.

A
  • warfarin
  • statins
  • theophylline (for COPD)
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12
Q

Pt is taking theophylline, what condition does he/she might have? (2)

A

COPD

asthma

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13
Q

what is 2% sodium fusidate used for? (2)

A
  • antibiotic oitment

- angular cheilitis

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14
Q

CHX MW

  • %?
  • interactions? (1)
A

0.2%

SLS in toothpaste

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15
Q

SLS is found in toothpaste.

  • what is it?
  • function?
  • what brand does not have SLS?
A
  • sodium lauryl sulfate
  • creates foam
  • Sensodyne
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16
Q

Hydrogen peroxide

  • %?
  • properties (2)
A

6%

  • bleaching agent
  • antiseptic
17
Q

when would you prescribe Aciclovir?

A

shingles (herpes zoster)

note:
for PHG, herpangina, glandular fever are self-limiting. No need antivirals

18
Q

Shingles

  • also known as?
  • what drug is prescribed?
A
  • herpes zoster

- 800mg aciclovir tablet x5 daily.

19
Q

name 2 PPI

A

lanzoprazole

omeprazole

20
Q

name 4 types of MW

A
  • salt water
  • antimicrobial (CHX, hydrogen peroxide)
  • tetracycline
  • analgesic (benzydamine)
21
Q

name 4 topical corticosteroids

A
  • beclomethasone (clenil modulite)
  • betamethasone
  • hydrocotisone
22
Q

what is the active ingredient in Clenil Modulite?

A

beclomethasone

23
Q

name 3 artificial saliva

A

glandosane
BioXtra gel
Orthana

24
Q

Name 5 NSAIDs

A
ibuprofen
aspirin
diclofenac
naproxen
benzydamine
25
NSAID contraindications (5)
``` asthma acute peptic ulcer pregnancy/breast feeding renal/liver problems <16 years old ```
26
NSAID drug interactions (4)
anticoagulants (Warfarin) aspirin antihypertensive drugs lithium
27
what is the max 24 hr dose for paracetamol in mg/kg? (2)
>75mg/kg | about 8 x500mg tablets
28
Before prescription of Carbamazepine, what test does pt have to undergo? why?
FBC and liver function test | - carbamazepine has adverse side effects in CNS, including elevated levels of liver transminases
29
what drug causes dry mouth?
tricyclic antidepressants
30
what is the mechanism of Penicillin? (3)
binds to penicillin binding protein (PBP) inhibits transpeptidase - hindering cross-link formation for cell wall integrity. Produces autolysin
31
Augmentin - is also called __ in SDCEP - active ingredient? - how does it overcome penicillin resistance?
- co-amoxiclav - amoxicillin + clavulanic acid - clavulanic acid contains beta lactamase inhibitor.
32
Metronidazole | - mechanism of action? (3)
- inhibit nucleic acid synthesis - by disrupting DNA of microbial cells - this only occurs when metronidazole is partially reduced, which only happens in anaerobic cells.
33
Clindamycin | - mechanism of action (2)
- bacteriostatic effect | - inhibits protein synthesis
34
Paracetamol | - mechanism of action (2)
- COX inhibitor | - Cylcooxygenase (COX) produces prostaglandin, which mediate inflammation, pain, fever
35
NSAID | - mechanism of action (2)
COX inhibitor