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Dental > Periodontics > Flashcards

Periodontics Flashcards

1
Q

what 2 bacteria are associated with AgP?

A

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (AA)

Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG)

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2
Q

2 disorders that are associated with AgP

A

Ehlers Danlos syndrome
- defects in collagen synthesis

Papillon Lefevre

  • genetic
  • palms and feet have hyperkerotosis and periodontitis
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3
Q

In Tx for AgP, why antibiotics is required? and what do we use?

A
  • Aa bacteria diffuses into tissues, RSD alone is unable to eradicate them.
  • 400mg Metronidazole
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4
Q

Chronic periodontitis can be caused by neutropenia.

  • what is neutropenia?
  • what 3 disorders are associated with it?
A

Abnormal low conc of neutrophils

  • Familial / acquired neutropenia
  • Chediak Higashi Syndrome
  • Downs syndrome
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5
Q

what are the associated signs and symptoms of Chediak Higashi Syndrome? (2)

A

albinism

photophobia

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6
Q

what is is the pathophysiology of Chediak Higashi syndrome?

A

mutation in lysosomal trafficking regulatory protein

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7
Q

what 4 bacteria is associated with ANUG?

A

fuso-spirocheatal organism

gram -ve anearobes

  • porphyromonas
  • treponema
  • prevotella
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8
Q

what disease is called after ANUG? (4)

A

ANUG
ANUP
necrotizing stomatitis
cancrum oris

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9
Q

what is another name for cancrum oris?

A

noma

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10
Q

what 3 drugs causes DIGO?

+2 bonus points

A

phenyoin
calcium channel blockers
cyclosporin

oral contraceptives
carbamazepine

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11
Q

what bacteria is associated with lateral perio abscess?

A

GNAB

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12
Q

what is the another term for pregancy epulis?

A

pyogenic epulis

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13
Q

what is the Tx for DIGO? (3)

A

OHI
consult GP
folic acid supplements

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14
Q

why does pregancy epulis occur? (3)

A
  • increased progesterone levels
  • changes vaculature
  • decreases thickness of keratin
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15
Q

name the 2 types of implantitis

A 
peri-implant mucositis (no LOA)
peri implantitis (LOA)
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16
Q

how to calculate pack years

A

packs/day x no. of years

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17
Q

how many cigarettes in one pack?

A

20

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18
Q

equals to how many cigarettes?

  • 1g of tobacco
  • small cigar
  • cigar
A
  • 1 cigarette
  • 3
  • 5
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19
Q

what is the effect of smoking on

  • mucosa (3)
  • gingiva (1)
  • teeth (2)
A

mucosa

  • SCC
  • leukoplakia
  • hyperkeratosis

gingiva
- strongly linked to AgP

teeth

  • staining
  • rough tooth surface
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20
Q

what is the effect of smoking on

  • saliva (1)
  • gingival crevicular fluid (1)
  • blood flow (2)
A

saliva
- decrease salivary flow in long term

GCF
- decreased GCF flow

blood

  • large vessels transition into smaller blood vessels.
  • vasoconstriction, decreased BOP
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21
Q

3 effects of cannabis on oral health?

A
  • hyperkeratosis
  • xerostomia
  • perio disease (suppressed immunity)
22
Q

which is more carcinogenic: cannabis or tobacco? and by how much?

A

cannabis

50% more carcinogenic

23
Q

5 effects of alcohol on oral health?

A
  • xerostomia
  • perio disease (defective neutrophils)
  • reduced healing
  • poor blood clot
  • increased bone resorption
  • SCC
24
Q

what is HbA1c?

A
  • glycated haemogoblin

- finds out glucose levels over the past 3 months

25
Q

what is a ___ HbA1c level (in mmol/mol and %)?

  • normal
  • diabetic
A

normal

  • <42mmol/mol
  • <6%

diabetic

  • > 48mmol/mol
  • > 6.5%
26
Q

what are the key cells/elements responsible for

  • healing (1)
  • clotting (3)
  • immunity (2)
A

healing
- fibroblast

clotting

  • prothombin
  • clotting factors
  • vitamin K

immunity

  • neutrophils
  • macrophages
27
Q

what is the effect of diabetes on oral health? (3)

A

reduced collagen production
- increase in AGE (advanced glycated end-products)

reduced immunity
- defective neutrophils

reduced healing
- defective fibroblast

28
Q

what test would you use to determine the current blood sugar levels? (1)
and what level is considered diabetic? (1)

A
  • Random Blood Sugar (RBS) test

- >200mg/dL

29
Q

what is the role of Vitamin C in perio? (2)

A
  • collagen synthesis

- helps in crosslinking

30
Q

a deficiency in Vitamin C can cause? (1)

A

Scurvy

31
Q

after RSD, how long should we wait before recharting?

A

10-12 weeks

32
Q

what does the TIPPS behavioural therapy stand for?

A 
talk
instruct
plan
practice
support
33
Q

what is name of the theory behind dentine hypersensitivity?

A

Brannstrom Hydrodynamic Theory (1960)

34
Q

What is the Brannstrom theory? (2)

How does it work? (4)

A
  • nerves that contain stretch sensitive ion channels
  • in the dentinal tubules, which is fluid filled.

Outflow of fluid

  • decreased hydrostatic pressure
  • caused by drying, cooling, evaporation

Inward flow

  • increased hydrostatic pressure
  • caused by heating, mechanical
35
Q

name the 4 types of wear

A

attrition
abrasion
erosion
abfraction

36
Q

how does fluoride varnish work?

A

forms calcium fluoride in the tubules

37
Q

Listerine

  • what is the active ingredient?
  • how does it work?
A

dipotassium oxalate monohydrate 1.4%

forms insoluble calcium oxalate crystals in tubules

38
Q

contraindications to using Listerine?

A

liver problems

39
Q

Novamin

  • what is the active ingredient?
  • how does it work?
A

calcium sodium phosphosilicate

forms calcium phosphate layer.

40
Q

What is the technology used in Sensodyne?

A

Novamin

41
Q

Emdogain

  • when is it used?
  • what is in it?
A

used in guided perio tissue regeneration

contains enamel matrix protein (amelogenin) taken from developing teeth in pigs/porcine.

42
Q

what is amelogenin? (2)

A
  • enamel matrix protein

- secreted by HERS

43
Q

what does amelogenin do? (3)

A
  • mineralizes to form hyaline layer
  • induces dental follicle to form cementoblast
  • producing cementum matrix mineralizes, entrapping PDL fibers.
44
Q

name 4 types perio surgeries

A
  • periodontal flap surgery (access for debridement)
  • crown lengthening
  • guided tissue regeneration
  • mucogingival surgery (for recessions)
45
Q

what are the gingival biotypes (4)

A

thick, flat

  • short papillae
  • suggest thick bony architecture, resistant to inflammation and trauma

thin, scalloped

  • long papillae
  • suggest thin bony architecture, prone to inflammation and trauma
46
Q

what is the prevalence of

  • thick biotype
  • thin biotype
A

thick 85%

thin 15%

47
Q

what is Raynaud’s disease?

A
  • spontaneous restriction of arteries (especially in extremities, ie fingers)
  • associated with Ehlers Danlos
48
Q

why placing free gingival grafts on root surface has an unpredictable outcome? (1)
what is the alternative?(2)

A
  • root surface does not provide a nutrient bed for free graft ti survive.
  • coronally repositioned flap
  • lateral pedicle graft
49
Q

in perio 2017 classification,

how do you assessing staging? (5)

A

check severity

stage 
1 - <15% of bone loss
2 - coronal 1/3
3 - mid 3rd
4 - apical 3rd
50
Q

in perio 2017 classification,

how do you assessing grading? (4)

A

% bone loss / age

Grade
A - <0.5
B - 0.5-1
C - >1

Dental (16 decks)

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