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Dental > Orthodontics > Flashcards

Orthodontics Flashcards

1
Q

In terms of dynamic occlusion, name 2 types of occlusion.

A
  • canine guidance (mutually protected occlusion)

- group function

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2
Q

Canine guidance is also called?

A

mutually protected occlusion

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3
Q

What is IOTN? (3)

A
  • stands for “Index of Treatment Needed”
  • has 2 components: aesthetic and dental health component
  • has max score of 10 for aesthetics and 5 for dental health component
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4
Q

What is the dental health component in IOTN?

A
  • MOCDO

- mIssing, overjet, crossbite, displacement, overbite

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5
Q

What constitutes IOTN score of 4 or above for the “missing” element on MOCDO? (2)

A
  • more than 1 missing teeth in any one quadrant.

- impeded eruption (except 8s)

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6
Q

What constitutes IOTN score of 4 or above for the “overjet” element on MOCDO? (2)

A
  • overjet more than 6mm.

- reverse overjet with more than 3.5mm or 1mm (with speech or mastication problems)

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7
Q

what is considered a normal overjet?

A

2-3mm

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8
Q

What constitutes IOTN score of 4 or above for the “crossbite” element on MOCDO? (2)

A
  • crossbite with a discrepancy of more than 2mm

- scissor/lingual bite

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9
Q

what is a scissor bite? (3)

A

involves the

  • outward positioning of upper posterior teeth
  • inward positioning of lower posterior teeth

occurs when the
- upper arch is expanded and lower arch is constricted.

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10
Q

does scissor bite has an affect on facial profile?

A

not significant

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11
Q

What constitutes IOTN score of 4 or above for the “displacement” element on MOCDO? (2)

A
  • if contact point displacement is more than 4mm (choose the one point of WORST displacement)
  • anterior open bite
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12
Q

what other features could result in IOTN of 4 and above, (excluding the MOCDO) ? (3)

A
  • cleft lip / palate
  • supernumery
  • submerging decidious molars
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13
Q

only 2 elements in MOCDO can incur a IOTN dental health component score of 5, which are the 2?

A
  • missing

- overjet

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14
Q

what are the 3 types of materials used to make orthodontic brackets?

A
  • stainless steel
  • ceramic
  • titanium
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15
Q

what are the 2 different types of archwire materials?

A
  • NiTi

- stainless steel

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16
Q

why is NiTi used as an archwire material? (2)

A
  • shape memory

- ideal for “alignment and leveling” phase

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17
Q

why is stainless steel used as an archwire material? (2)

A
  • rigid

- ideal for “space closure” (sliding mechanics) phase

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18
Q

what are the 2 types of facial bone growth formation (ossification)?

A
  • intramembranous ossification

- endochondral ossification

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19
Q

what are examples of bones that develop via intramembranous ossification? (3)

A
  • flat bones of the face
  • maxilla and mandible
  • most of the skull
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20
Q

what are examples of bones that develop via endochondral ossification? (4)

A
  • longer bones
  • used for natural healing of bone fractures
  • condylar
  • nasal septum cartilage
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21
Q

what is the difference between intramembranous (IM) and endochondral (EC) ossification? (3)

A
  • EC uses cartilage, IM involves messenchymal tissues
  • EC is for long bones, IM is for flat bones
  • EC ends after year 2, IM ends after year 18 (for girls), 21 (for boys)
22
Q

what are the landmarks in a orthodontic cephalometric? (7)

A

Sella
Nasion
point A, B
ANS, PNS

Gonion (intersection bt ramus and mandibular plane)
Pognion (most anterior of bony chin)
Menton (most anterio-inferior of bony chin)

23
Q

what is the ideal angle for

  • SNA
  • SNB
  • ANB
A

SNA: 82*
SNB: 80*
ANB: 2* till 4*

24
Q

if ANB is less than 2*, what does it mean?

A

patient has a class 3 skeletal pattern

25
Q

if ANB is more than 4*, what does it mean?

A

patient has a class 2 skeletal pattern

26
Q

what is MMPA in an orthodontic assessment?

what is its ideal value?

A
  • maxilla-mandibular plane angle

- 27*

27
Q

what is the ideal inclination of upper and lower incisors?

A

upper: 110*
lower: 90*

28
Q

give an example of a fixed functional appliance?

A

Herbst appliance

29
Q

give 3 examples of a removable functional appliance?

A
  • Andreson appliance
  • Twin Block
  • Frankel appliance
30
Q

what is a functional appliance?

A

using masticatory forces to permit tooth movement and modify/guide facial growth

31
Q

what are the 3 phases of active orthodontic treatment?

A
  • alignment and leveling
  • major tooth movement (sliding mechanics)
  • finish (detailed movements)
32
Q

at what age would you consider a functional appliance? why?

A

11-14 years

Pre-adolescent growth phase

33
Q

what are the contraindications for functional appliance? (3)

A
  • above 14 years old
  • proclined lower incisors
  • condylar disease (juvenile rheumatoid arthritis)
34
Q

give an example of a condylar disease?

A

juvenile rheumaoid arthritis

35
Q

what are the 4 components to be considered when designing a orthodontic appliance?

A

components

  • active
  • retentive
  • anchorage
  • base plate
36
Q

what are 5 examples of active components in an orthodontic appliance?

A
  • Z springs
  • palatal finger spring
  • screws (expansion screw)
  • labial bow
  • buccal canine retractor
37
Q

what are 3 examples of retentive components in an orthodontic appliance?

A
  • Adams cribs
  • Delta clasps
  • Southend clasps
  • Ball hooks
38
Q

what the MAXIMUM amount of force (in grams) used per tooth in ortho movement?

A

25g - 40g

39
Q

For clasps in ortho appliances, what is the ideal thickness and material used?

A

0.6mm - 0.7mm

Stainless Steel

40
Q

when there is a deep overbite and upper incisors are retroclined, what is the Incisor Relationship Classification?

A

Class 2 div 2

41
Q

when there is a increased overjet and upper incisors are proclined, what is the Incisor Relationship Classification?

A

Class 2 div 1

42
Q

what is Angle’s Classification? (2)

A

Relationship between

  • maxillary tooth 6 MB cusp
  • mandibular tooth 6 buccal groove
43
Q

In Angle’s Class 1, is the lower 6 more anterior or posterior to the upper 6?

A

lower 6 is more ANTERIOR to upper 6

44
Q

what are the types of bite planes and their purposes? (3)

A

Anterior bite plane
- allow posterior teeth to overrupt, reducing overbotes

Posterior bite planes

  • used to free occlusal interferrence
  • ideal for fixing anterior crossbites
45
Q

what additional ortho exam should be done for a patient aged 9.5 years old?

A
  • palpating for canines presence
  • considering XLA 6
  • Presence of 5s
46
Q

What is the prevalence of hypodontia? what are the 2 most common teeth involved?

A

2-7%

2nd premolars (most common) 
lateral incisors
47
Q

you would not consider XLA to create space if ____mm is required

A

less than 4mm

48
Q

what other alternatives to create space? (3)

A
  • increasing arch length
  • increasing arch width
  • interproximal reduction
49
Q

why would we would never XLA canines to create space? (2)

A
  • contact point between 2 and 4 is poor.

- long term cairous/perio issues

50
Q

what 2 common teeth we would consider for XLA to create space? and what are the situations in which we would consider them?

A

1st premolar
- space required for anterior crowding

2nd premolar
- space required for posterior crowding

51
Q

what are the types of retainers prescribed for post-ortho Tx? (3)

A
  • vacuum formed retainers (VFR)
  • Hawley’s retainer
  • bonded retainers
52
Q

when does skeletal growth stop for men and women?

A

women: 18 years
men: 20 years

Dental (16 decks)

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