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Orthodontics Flashcards

1
Q

In terms of dynamic occlusion, name 2 types of occlusion.

A
  • canine guidance (mutually protected occlusion)

- group function

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2
Q

Canine guidance is also called?

A

mutually protected occlusion

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3
Q

What is IOTN? (3)

A
  • stands for “Index of Treatment Needed”
  • has 2 components: aesthetic and dental health component
  • has max score of 10 for aesthetics and 5 for dental health component
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4
Q

What is the dental health component in IOTN?

A
  • MOCDO

- mIssing, overjet, crossbite, displacement, overbite

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5
Q

What constitutes IOTN score of 4 or above for the “missing” element on MOCDO? (2)

A
  • more than 1 missing teeth in any one quadrant.

- impeded eruption (except 8s)

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6
Q

What constitutes IOTN score of 4 or above for the “overjet” element on MOCDO? (2)

A
  • overjet more than 6mm.

- reverse overjet with more than 3.5mm or 1mm (with speech or mastication problems)

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7
Q

what is considered a normal overjet?

A

2-3mm

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8
Q

What constitutes IOTN score of 4 or above for the “crossbite” element on MOCDO? (2)

A
  • crossbite with a discrepancy of more than 2mm

- scissor/lingual bite

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9
Q

what is a scissor bite? (3)

A

involves the

  • outward positioning of upper posterior teeth
  • inward positioning of lower posterior teeth

occurs when the
- upper arch is expanded and lower arch is constricted.

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10
Q

does scissor bite has an affect on facial profile?

A

not significant

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11
Q

What constitutes IOTN score of 4 or above for the “displacement” element on MOCDO? (2)

A
  • if contact point displacement is more than 4mm (choose the one point of WORST displacement)
  • anterior open bite
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12
Q

what other features could result in IOTN of 4 and above, (excluding the MOCDO) ? (3)

A
  • cleft lip / palate
  • supernumery
  • submerging decidious molars
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13
Q

only 2 elements in MOCDO can incur a IOTN dental health component score of 5, which are the 2?

A
  • missing

- overjet

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14
Q

what are the 3 types of materials used to make orthodontic brackets?

A
  • stainless steel
  • ceramic
  • titanium
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15
Q

what are the 2 different types of archwire materials?

A
  • NiTi

- stainless steel

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16
Q

why is NiTi used as an archwire material? (2)

A
  • shape memory

- ideal for “alignment and leveling” phase

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17
Q

why is stainless steel used as an archwire material? (2)

A
  • rigid

- ideal for “space closure” (sliding mechanics) phase

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18
Q

what are the 2 types of facial bone growth formation (ossification)?

A
  • intramembranous ossification

- endochondral ossification

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19
Q

what are examples of bones that develop via intramembranous ossification? (3)

A
  • flat bones of the face
  • maxilla and mandible
  • most of the skull
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20
Q

what are examples of bones that develop via endochondral ossification? (4)

A
  • longer bones
  • used for natural healing of bone fractures
  • condylar
  • nasal septum cartilage
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21
Q

what is the difference between intramembranous (IM) and endochondral (EC) ossification? (3)

A
  • EC uses cartilage, IM involves messenchymal tissues
  • EC is for long bones, IM is for flat bones
  • EC ends after year 2, IM ends after year 18 (for girls), 21 (for boys)
22
Q

what are the landmarks in a orthodontic cephalometric? (7)

A

Sella
Nasion
point A, B
ANS, PNS

Gonion (intersection bt ramus and mandibular plane)
Pognion (most anterior of bony chin)
Menton (most anterio-inferior of bony chin)

23
Q

what is the ideal angle for

  • SNA
  • SNB
  • ANB
A

SNA: 82*
SNB: 80*
ANB: 2* till 4*

24
Q

if ANB is less than 2*, what does it mean?

A

patient has a class 3 skeletal pattern

25
if ANB is more than 4*, what does it mean?
patient has a class 2 skeletal pattern
26
what is MMPA in an orthodontic assessment? | what is its ideal value?
- maxilla-mandibular plane angle | - 27*
27
what is the ideal inclination of upper and lower incisors?
upper: 110* lower: 90*
28
give an example of a fixed functional appliance?
Herbst appliance
29
give 3 examples of a removable functional appliance?
- Andreson appliance - Twin Block - Frankel appliance
30
what is a functional appliance?
using masticatory forces to permit tooth movement and modify/guide facial growth
31
what are the 3 phases of active orthodontic treatment?
- alignment and leveling - major tooth movement (sliding mechanics) - finish (detailed movements)
32
at what age would you consider a functional appliance? why?
11-14 years | Pre-adolescent growth phase
33
what are the contraindications for functional appliance? (3)
- above 14 years old - proclined lower incisors - condylar disease (juvenile rheumatoid arthritis)
34
give an example of a condylar disease?
juvenile rheumaoid arthritis
35
what are the 4 components to be considered when designing a orthodontic appliance?
components - active - retentive - anchorage - base plate
36
what are 5 examples of active components in an orthodontic appliance?
- Z springs - palatal finger spring - screws (expansion screw) - labial bow - buccal canine retractor
37
what are 3 examples of retentive components in an orthodontic appliance?
- Adams cribs - Delta clasps - Southend clasps - Ball hooks
38
what the MAXIMUM amount of force (in grams) used per tooth in ortho movement?
25g - 40g
39
For clasps in ortho appliances, what is the ideal thickness and material used?
0.6mm - 0.7mm | Stainless Steel
40
when there is a deep overbite and upper incisors are retroclined, what is the Incisor Relationship Classification?
Class 2 div 2
41
when there is a increased overjet and upper incisors are proclined, what is the Incisor Relationship Classification?
Class 2 div 1
42
what is Angle's Classification? (2)
Relationship between - maxillary tooth 6 MB cusp - mandibular tooth 6 buccal groove
43
In Angle's Class 1, is the lower 6 more anterior or posterior to the upper 6?
lower 6 is more ANTERIOR to upper 6
44
what are the types of bite planes and their purposes? (3)
Anterior bite plane - allow posterior teeth to overrupt, reducing overbotes Posterior bite planes - used to free occlusal interferrence - ideal for fixing anterior crossbites
45
what additional ortho exam should be done for a patient aged 9.5 years old?
- palpating for canines presence - considering XLA 6 - Presence of 5s
46
What is the prevalence of hypodontia? what are the 2 most common teeth involved?
2-7% ``` 2nd premolars (most common) lateral incisors ```
47
you would not consider XLA to create space if ____mm is required
less than 4mm
48
what other alternatives to create space? (3)
- increasing arch length - increasing arch width - interproximal reduction
49
why would we would never XLA canines to create space? (2)
- contact point between 2 and 4 is poor. | - long term cairous/perio issues
50
what 2 common teeth we would consider for XLA to create space? and what are the situations in which we would consider them?
1st premolar - space required for anterior crowding 2nd premolar - space required for posterior crowding
51
what are the types of retainers prescribed for post-ortho Tx? (3)
- vacuum formed retainers (VFR) - Hawley's retainer - bonded retainers
52
when does skeletal growth stop for men and women?
women: 18 years men: 20 years

Dental (16 decks)

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