Medical emergency

Question 1

what type of hypersensitivity is an anaphylaxis? (1)

- explain pathophysiology (4)

Answer 1

type 1 hypersensitivity

• allergen binds to IgE on mast cell
• induces degranulation
• releases large amounts of inflammatory mediators (histamines)
• causing vasodilation, increased, capillary permeability, bronchospasm,

Question 2

how much oxygen to give pt during a medical emergency?

Answer 2

5 liters/min

Question 3

adrenaline is given for anaphylaxis

• dose?
• where?

Answer 3

500 micrograms IM

anterolateral aspect of upper thigh

Question 4

what other drugs can be considered to give for an anaphylaxis attack, besides adrenaline? (3)

Answer 4

• chlorphenamine (anti-histamines)
• hydrocortisone
• IV fluid

Question 5

how does adrenaline work? (6)

Answer 5

is a prototypical adrenegic agonist, affecting alpha and beta receptor activity.

alpha
- causes arteriole vasoconstriction

beta 1
- increases cardiac output by increasing heart rate and force of contraction

beta 2
- causes broncho-dilation

Question 6

what conditions/signs would indicate a patient is higher risk of developing an unpredictable allergic attack? (2)

Answer 6

history of

• asthma
• ezema

Question 7

in CPR, what is the chest compression to rescue breath ratio?

Answer 7

30: 2 for adults
15: 2 for kids