Scientific Method Flashcards
First Step
Observation
New observations are made and previous data are studied.
Second step
Hypothesis
Input from various sources is used to formulate a testable/falsifiable statement
Third step
Experiment/Observations
The hypothesis is tested by experiment or further observations.
Fourth step
Conclusion
Results are analyzed and the hypothesis is supported or rejected.
Fifth step
Scientific Theory
“The Happy Place”
Many experiments and observations pass support the hypothesis even when reproduced by other peers in the field, and thus a theory is formed.
Inductive Reasoning
Occurs when a scientist uses creative thinking to combine isolated facts into a cohesive whole (based on observations/previous data).
The scientist comes up with a hypothesis, a tentative explanation for the natural event.
Deductive Reasoning
Used to determine how to test a hypothesis (during the planning stage of the experiment).
Involves “if…. then…” logic.
Control Group
Receives no treatment.
Remains and performs “as is”, naturally. They are the group being measured against.
(eg. Reacting to GM peanuts, mass-produced)
Experimental Group
Receives treatment specifically designed to test the hypothesis.
Tests the experimental variable.
(eg. Allergy to peanuts)
The results are seen/measured in the response variable.
(eg. reactions, if any, to non-GMO peanuts)
Experimental variable
(Independent variable)
Factor of the experiment being tested.
(eg. allergy to peanuts)
Tested by experimental group.
Response variable
- (dependent variable)
Result or change that occurs due to the experimental variable.
(eg. reactions, if any, to the non-GMO peanuts)
What is the purpose of a controlled study?
To isolate a single variable specified in the hypothesis to be tested and compared using a control group and an experimental group.
Lends credit to the theory/experiement.
