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► Med Misc 57 > Scientific Foundations: Industrial Hygiene- Done > Flashcards

Scientific Foundations: Industrial Hygiene- Done Flashcards

1
Q

Field of industrial hygiene draws from knowledge in the following areas:

A
  1. Engineering
  2. Physics
  3. Chemistry
  4. Biology
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2
Q

Professional organizations for industrial hygienists

A
  1. American Industrial Hygiene Association

2. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists

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3
Q

Sources of information to facilitate hazard recognition

A
  1. Qualitative assessment
  2. Observational assessment
  3. Material safety data sheets
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4
Q

Qualitative assessment of the work site requires the following…..

A
  1. Communication with key personnel
  2. Communication with other occupational and environmental health professionals
  3. Communications with workers and their representatives
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5
Q

Why communicate with key personnel such as plant management representatives and supervisors

A

To learn about materials and processes

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6
Q

Why communicate with other occupational and environmental health professionals

A

To learn about health problems that may be related to exposure

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7
Q

Why communicate with workers and their representatives

A

To learn about their perceptions of exposure

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8
Q

Observational assessments are achieved through…

A
  1. Walk through surveys
  2. Focused inspections
  3. Job hazard analyses
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9
Q

MSDSs provide the following information

A
  1. Identification of the material
  2. Hazardous chemicals and their common names
  3. Physical and chemical properties
  4. Routes of exposure
  5. Acute and chronic health effects
  6. First aid information
  7. Exposure limits
  8. Precautions for safe handling and use
  9. Control measures
  10. Organization responsible for preparing MSDS and contact information
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10
Q

Quality of MSDSs is —–; the information is sometimes ——– and may be —— with the same materials from different manufacturers

A

Variable

Outdated

Inconsistent

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11
Q

———– need to be considered in the context of the specific material’s actual use and the control measures in effect

A

Recommended protective measures

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12
Q

An MSDS for a mixture may not include…

A

All chemical components

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13
Q

Chemical components that may not be included on an MSDS

A
  1. Concentration is low

2. Not recognized as hazardous

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14
Q

Sources of information to facilitate hazard recognition

A
  1. Qualitative assessment
  2. Observational assessment
  3. Material safety data sheets
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15
Q

Qualitative assessment of the work site requires the following…..

A
  1. Communication with key personnel
  2. Communication with other occupational and environmental health professionals
  3. Communications with workers and their representatives
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16
Q

Why communicate with key personnel such as plant management representatives and supervisors

A

To learn about materials and processes

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17
Q

Why communicate with other occupational and environmental health professionals

A

To learn about health problems that may be related to exposure

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18
Q

Why communicate with workers and their representatives

A

To learn about their perceptions of exposure

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19
Q

Observational assessments are achieved through…

A
  1. Walk through surveys
  2. Focused inspections
  3. Job hazard analyses
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20
Q

MSDSs provide the following information

A
  1. Identification of the material
  2. Hazardous chemicals and their common names
  3. Physical and chemical properties
  4. Routes of exposure
  5. Acute and chronic health effects
  6. First aid information
  7. Exposure limits
  8. Precautions for safe handling and use
  9. Control measures
  10. Organization responsible for preparing MSDS and contact information
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21
Q

Quality of MSDSs is —–; the information is sometimes ——– and may be —— with the same materials from different manufacturers

A

Variable

Outdated

Inconsistent

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22
Q

———– need to be considered in the context of the specific material’s actual use and the control measures in effect

A

Recommended protective measures

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23
Q

An MSDS for a mixture may not include…

A

All chemical components

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24
Q

Chemical components that may not be included on an MSDS

A
  1. Concentration is low

2. Not recognized as hazardous

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25
Q

Sources of information to facilitate hazard recognition

A
  1. Qualitative assessment
  2. Observational assessment
  3. Material safety data sheets
26
Q

Qualitative assessment of the work site requires the following…..

A
  1. Communication with key personnel
  2. Communication with other occupational and environmental health professionals
  3. Communications with workers and their representatives
27
Q

Why communicate with key personnel such as plant management representatives and supervisors

A

To learn about materials and processes

28
Q

Why communicate with other occupational and environmental health professionals

A

To learn about health problems that may be related to exposure

29
Q

Why communicate with workers and their representatives

A

To learn about their perceptions of exposure

30
Q

Observational assessments are achieved through…

A
  1. Walk through surveys
  2. Focused inspections
  3. Job hazard analyses
31
Q

MSDSs provide the following information

A
  1. Identification of the material
  2. Hazardous chemicals and their common names
  3. Physical and chemical properties
  4. Routes of exposure
  5. Acute and chronic health effects
  6. First aid information
  7. Exposure limits
  8. Precautions for safe handling and use
  9. Control measures
  10. Organization responsible for preparing MSDS and contact information
32
Q

Quality of MSDSs is —–; the information is sometimes ——– and may be —— with the same materials from different manufacturers

A

Variable

Outdated

Inconsistent

33
Q

———– need to be considered in the context of the specific material’s actual use and the control measures in effect

A

Recommended protective measures

34
Q

An MSDS for a mixture may not include…

A

All chemical components

35
Q

Chemical components that may not be included on an MSDS

A
  1. Concentration is low

2. Not recognized as hazardous

36
Q

Approaches for estimating the dose of an exposure received by workers include

A
  1. Personal sampling
  2. Environmental sampling
  3. Biologic monitoring
  4. Medical monitoring
37
Q

Sampling techniques that measure exposure before absorption has occurred

A
  1. Skin wipes
  2. Cloth patches
  3. Noise dosimeters
  4. Airborne contaminant detection
38
Q

Approaches to workplace sampling depend on…

A
  1. Type of agent

2. Route by which it is absorbed

39
Q

Skin wipes and cloth patches

A

Measure amounts of material that have come into contact with skin

40
Q

Noise dosimeters

A

Worn near the worker’s ear, record worksite noise levels

41
Q

Airborne contaminants can be assessed by means of…

A
  1. Personal monitoring at the worker’s breathing zone

2. Environmental monitoring in the work area

42
Q

Several important factors govern whether sampling results truly represent worker exposure:

A
  1. Location of sampling device
  2. Workers usually sampled are most highly exposed
  3. Timing of sampling
  4. Length of sampling time
  5. Number of samples
43
Q

How do you determine location of sampling device?

A

With regard to the worker and source of contaminants should be based on worker location and movements

44
Q

Factors to consider regarding timing of testing

A
  1. Seasonal changes
  2. Shifts
  3. Unintentional releases
  4. Other sources of variation
45
Q

Length of sampling time generally represents…

A

A full shift

46
Q

The number of samples depends on…

A
  1. Type of instrumentation
  2. Concentration of contaminant
  3. Purpose of sampling
47
Q

Biologic and medical monitoring identify….

A

The presence of a chemical in the body following exposure

48
Q

Exposure records must be maintained for at least….

49
Q

Levels of airborne contaminants can be compared with the following guidelines and standards:

A
  1. Permissible exposure limits (PELs)
  2. Threshold limit value (TLV) guidelines
  3. Recommended exposure levels (REL)
50
Q

Permissible exposure limits

A
  • developed by OSHA
  • legally enforceable
  • 8 hour, time weighted averages of airborne exposure
51
Q

Threshold limit value guidelines

A
  • developed by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
  • published annually
  • 8 hour, time weighted averages with the exceptions of ceiling levels and short term exposure levels
52
Q

Ceiling levels

A

Uppermost TVL levels, cannot be exceeded

53
Q

Short term exposure levels

A

The maximum, 15 minute, time weighted averages permitted over a work day, with at least 60 minutes between successive exposures

54
Q

Recommended exposure levels

A
  • developed by NIOSH

- these levels are the exposure that, in the judgement of NIOSH, will not cause adverse health effects in most workers

55
Q

Control strategies for occupational exposures

A
  1. Engineering controls
  2. Administrative controls
  3. Personal protective equipment
56
Q

Approaches to eliminating or reducing exposure to hazardous substance at the worksite are ordered into a ——– based, in general, on ————

A

Hierarchy

Their degree of overall effectiveness

57
Q

Engineering controls

A
  • the preferred way to reduce or eliminate exposures
  • include measures designed to:
    1. Enclose or isolate operations
    2. Improve ventilation
    3. Removal or substitution of toxic materials
58
Q

Administrative controls

A

-minimize exposure

  • include:
    1. Monitoring or surveillance programs
    2. Worker rotation
    3. Training to address work practices
59
Q

Personal protective equipment

A
  • examples:
    1. Ear plugs and muffs
    2. Safety goggles
    3. Gloves
    4. Coveralls
    5. Respirators

-are considered the least-preferred control strategy

60
Q

Industrial hygiene

A

Refers to the anticipation, recognition, evaluation and control of environmental factors or stresses arising in or from the workplace, which can cause injury, sickness, impaired health and well being, or significant discomfort among workers or among citizens

► Med Misc 57 (49 decks)

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