science unit B Flashcards
describe the parts of a seed plant
seed- contains the embryo that will form a new plant
stem- movement of water, minerals + nutrients
roots- absorbs water + dissolved minerals + nutrients
leaves- photo + gas exchange
flowers- contains both female +male parts for reproduction
cones- have separate male + female cones
name the parts of a seed plant
seed, stem, roots, leaves, flowers, cones
what is the seed plant life cycle
seed —-> seedling —-> adult
how can plants reproduce with seeds
cutting + grafting
how can plants reproduce without seeds
runners + rhizones
what is cutting and what is grafting?
sksksk
what is runners and what is rhizones
sksksks
name some pollinators
birds, insects, bats
whats a pollinator?
are organisms that carry pollen from one flower to another
what are the plant needs and growing conditions? (part 1)
plants need different amounts of light (all plants need light in order to photosynthesize and produce food)
plants need different amounts of water
plants need different nutrients (the main nutrients that plants need are nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, magnesium)
what are the plant needs and growing conditions? (part 2)
plants need different amounts of space
growing healthy plants requires knowing the best growing conditions
whats the process of transpiration
the evaporation of water from the surface of the plant-mainly from the leaves
whats the process of capillary action
water travels from the roots to the leaves through tiny tubes in the roots and stems
whats the process of osmosis
when water from the soil enters root cells which occurs when the conncentration of water in the soil is greater than the conncentration of water in the root of the plants
how do plants adapt to their environment in dry environments?
plants have to save as much water as they can
how do plants adapt to their environment when they like grasses?
plants like grasses that have narrow thin leaves, so they can get many individuals in one place. (this helps them to be pollinated by the wind)
how do plants adapt to their environment like plants such as white spruce trees?
have thin needles like leaves with a thick resin coating. this protects them from drying out
some plants have fibrous roots which…
which form a thick mat that gathers water at the upper layers of the soil.
have i gone over 4.0 definitions?
you tell me
animals produce carbon dioxide and use up oxygen when they breath. how do plants benefit this
plants provide oxygen
plants make their own food from water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight. what role is this ?
plants provide food
plants protect other organisms from the weather and from predators. what role is this
plants provide shelter
dead plant material builds soil. plants also prevent erosion, which is the process that moves soil from one place to another. what role is this?
plants build + protect soil
______________________ are connected by what they eat.
all living things or organisms
in what ways can plants be used as a resource
for food and for fibre
what can plants be used as for fibre
for wooden frames (covered with sheets)
cloth
whats a living resource
are things that can be used for human needs
soil is made up of 2 type of particles, what are they
mineral particles (in organic) and organic particles
what are the 3 types of soil?
sandy soil, clay soil, and loam soil
describe sandy soil
runs between your fingers and has very few lumps. if you moisten sandy soil and squeeze it in your hands, the soil will not stay together.
describe clay soil
feels slippery when wet. when you squeeze it, it will stay together and form a tight ball. dry clay is very hard.
describe loam soil
crumbly like a moist cake. if you squeeze wet loam in your hand, it will form a loose ball. its not sticky
What is organic fertilizer? What is chemical fertilizer?
organic - comes from sources such as animals or plant waste
chemical- mixture of chemicals that promote plant growth
How can fertilizer be used improperly?
If not measured properly there can be too much nutrients, more than the plant can use. Extra, unused nutrients may dissolve in rain water and pollute the soil.
What is irrigation?
Irrigation is the practice of applying water to crops
How can improper irrigation be harmful?
too much water added to the soil, it will fill all he pores in the soil. With too little air in the soil plants will not grow well.
What are the benefits to clearing the land for agriculture?
Make easy to plant seeds for crops. It also reduces competition between crop plants and other plants.
What are the harmful effects of clearing the land for agriculture?
If not carefully done, it can expose soil to the weather. Without plant roots the soil will blow away.
How does plowing benefit the soil?
breaks up the soil creating more air spaces and making it less compacted (room for plants to grow)
Why is plowing harmful?
it makes the soil particles smaller and soil can become water logged and compacted more easily
What is crop rotation?
planting a different crop in particular field every year
What is the major benefit of crop rotation?
one plant uses the nutrients that the other doesn’t need
what is yield
yield means the amount of useful plant per plants
explain selective breeding
you would select two parents, each with a different desired trait and then breed them together (cross-pollination). plant their seeds and select the next-generation of seeds from offspring plants with the desired characteristics
what do we mean when we say something is sustainable
when something can be done or used without running out
what’s monoculture
the practice of growing only one type of crop in a particular area
identify environmental variables that can be controlled in a greenhouse
temperature, irrigation
identify two artificial environments discussed during this season
greenhouse + hydroponics
species vs varitey
S- living things of the same kind that are able to reproduce
V- a group of organisms of the same species that has specific characteristics that can distinguish it from other varieties of that species
what are the consequences of using herbicides and pesticides
herbicides- some weeds are the food source of other living organisms
pesticides- some insects can become resistant and then the pesticide with become less useful
environmental effects with pesticides (idk you can skip this question if you want)
the soil will not degrade any further due to pesticide use?
economic effects with pesticides (idk you can skip this question if you want)
spend less money on the chemical pesticides?
social effects with pesticides (idk you can skip this question if you want)
no chemicals on food should make the food healthier to eat?
