science C

Question 1

there were some early ideas about ________ described as a substance made of ________ and _______

Answer 1

heat, fire and air

Question 2

heat is considered a form of ________

Answer 2

energy

Question 3

heat used to be considered an invisible fluid called _______

Answer 3

caloric

Question 4

heat energy comes from what?

Answer 4

the movement of particles

Question 5

temperature

Answer 5

a measurement of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance

Question 6

thermal energy

Answer 6

the total kinetic energy of the particles

Question 7

describe a solid

Answer 7

particles are attached to each other, very limited in movement, move back and forth in a fixed position, have less kinetic energy than the particles in a liquid or gas. h

Question 8

describe a liquid

Answer 8

particles are loosely attached to each other, easily slip past each other, takes shape of container

Question 9

describe a gas

Answer 9

move in all directions, far apart, fill up container

Question 10

heating a solid…

Answer 10

makes the particles vibrate more energetically and some move farther away from each other.

Question 11

melting a solid…

Answer 11

particles vibrate even more, bump against each other, some break loose and the solid melts

Question 12

heating a liquid…

Answer 12

the particles will move more vigorously, move farther apart

Question 13

boiling a liquid

Answer 13

the particles bump and balance around, and the liquid changes to a gas

Question 14

kinetic energy

Answer 14

energy of movement ; particles that make up matter have kinetic energy

Question 15

heat

Answer 15

is the energy that flows from matter at a higher temp to a lower temp

Question 16

natural sources of thermal energy

Answer 16

sun, geothermal energy, fire, decay

Question 17

materials that absorb energy …

Answer 17

are dark and dull and are good at absorbing radiant energy

Question 18

materials that reflect energy …

Answer 18

are shiny and light colored and good at reflecting radiant energy

Question 19

conductor

Answer 19

material that allows heat energy or electricity to flow easily

Question 20

insulator

Answer 20

material that does not allow heat energy or electricity to flow easily

Question 21

4 main points of the particle model of matter

Answer 21

all matter is made up of tiny particles
the particles are always moving
adding heat makes the particles move faster
the particles have space between them

Question 22

conduction

Answer 22

flow of energy between substances that are in contact

Question 23

convection

Answer 23

flow of heat energy that involves moving liquid or gas particles

Question 24

radiation

Answer 24

flow of energy in the form of invisible waves

Question 25

economic costs

Answer 25

the costs in dollar of using

Question 26

environmental costs

Answer 26

the negative effects on the environment

Question 27

societal costs

Answer 27

negative effects on people all together

Question 28

co generation

Answer 28

technology of producing two or more forms of energy from a single energy generator

Question 29

describe how a thermostat works

Answer 29

a mercury switch sits on a bimetallic strip. when the strip starts heating up, it thermally expands until it gets so hot that it causes the mercury to slide off of the wires to the furnace causing the furnace to turn off. the bimetallic strip cools off and it thermally contracts until the mercury slides back onto the wires turning the furnace on.

Question 30

thermal conductivity

Answer 30

ability of a material to transfer heat by conduction

Question 31

describe the most to least heat loss in a house

Answer 31

most through walls, through roof, then through floor and gaps, and then windows

Question 32

r- value

Answer 32

number that indicates the ability of an insulating material to stop or limit transfer of heat energy

Question 33

sustainability

Answer 33

maintaining a resource

Question 34

what is hydro electric power?

Answer 34

energy generated by water moving through dam

Question 35

advantage and disadvantage of hydro electric power?

Answer 35

advantage- renewable and not expensive to open | disadvantage - expensive to build and can flood the land and alter the local ecosystems

Question 36

disadvantages and advantages of fossil fuel use?

Answer 36

advantages - very easy to obtain and transport and are available in large quantities disadvantages - burning them pollutes the environment by releasing soot+ ashes and gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and etc.

Question 37

describe active solar heating and passive solar heating

Answer 37

passive- heated directly by suns waves, insulates the buliding active- heating something mechanically with energy, used to trap solar energy

Question 38

local and central heating systems

Answer 38

central - method of transferring thermal energy from a single, central source through a network of pipes, ducts and vents local- method of providing thermal energy for one small area only, ex fireplace

Question 39

3 energy users?

Answer 39

home, transportation, industry