Science test chapter 6 Flashcards
Recombinant DNA
DNA created by combining genetic material from two or more different organisms.
Plasmid
A small, circular piece of DNA typically found in bacteria, used as a vector to transfer genetic material.
Transgenic
An organism that contains genetic material from another species.
Reproductive Cloning
The process of using adult cells from an individual to create a genetically identical organism.
Therapeutic Cloning
The technique of using adult cells to produce specialized cells that can mature into different types of cells for medical treatment.
Stem Cell
An undifferentiated cell with the potential to develop into various specialized cell types.
Gene Therapy
A method of altering genes to treat or prevent disease.
Proteomics
The study of proteins that are expressed and produced by an organism’s genes.
What is a palindrome in regards to DNA?
A palindrome in DNA is a sequence of nucleotides that reads the same from the 5’ to the 3’ direction on both strands of the DNA.
If a strand of DNA is exposed to a restriction endonuclease, what happens to it?
A restriction endonuclease, or restriction enzyme, will recognize and cut the DNA at specific palindromic sequences, effectively slicing the DNA into segments.
Go do rvq 5 and 8
DO IT!
What does it mean to denature DNA?
Denaturing DNA means heating it to break the hydrogen bonds between the two strands, separating them into single strands. This process is essential in PCR and DNA sequencing.
How are plasmids used in making transgenic bacteria?
Plasmids are used as vectors to carry foreign genes into bacterial cells. Once inside, the plasmid integrates the new DNA, allowing the bacteria to express genes from another organism.
Explain the concept of cloning an animal.
Animal cloning involves taking the nucleus from a donor cell and inserting it into an enucleated egg cell. This egg, with the donor’s DNA, is then implanted into a surrogate to develop into a genetically identical copy of the original donor.
What is CRISPR, and how does it work?
CRISPR is a geneediting tool that uses a guide RNA to direct the Cas9 enzyme to a specific DNA sequence. Cas9 then makes a precise cut, allowing for the addition, deletion, or modification of genes at that location.
