Chapter 3

Question 1

Pathogen

Answer 1

An organism that causes disease.

Question 2

Diffusion

Answer 2

Movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 3

Osmosis

Answer 3

Movement of a solvent across a semipermeable membrane from an area where the solute concentration is low to an area where the solute concentration is high.

Question 4

Endocytosis

Answer 4

The process by which cells take in a substance by surrounding it with the plasma membrane and forming a vesicle that holds the substance.

Question 5

Exocytosis

Answer 5

The process by which a substance in a vesicle is released into the cell’s environment by fusing with the plasma membrane.

Question 6

Aerobes

Answer 6

Organisms that use oxygen in their cellular respiration.

Question 7

Endosymbiosis

Answer 7

he idea that eukaryotes arose as a result of one prokaryote engulfing another.

Question 8

Anaerobes

Answer 8

Organisms that do not use oxygen in their cellular respiration.

Question 9

In what structures can DNA be found?

Answer 9

1. Nucleus
2. Nucleoid
3. Chloroplasts
4. Mitochondria

Question 10

If a Cell needs a lot of energy, what structure will it use?

Answer 10

The Mitochondria

Question 11

When A Cell needs energy it will break down ATP into what?

Answer 11

When a cell needs energy, it will break down ATP into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and P (phosphate).

Question 12

Where are Ribosomes and what do they do?

Answer 12

Ribosomes are found in the Cytoplasm of Prokaryote, Their function is to synthesize proteins,

Question 13

What’s the difference between isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic? How do they move

Answer 13

Isotonic solutions have equal solute concentrations inside and outside the cell, resulting in no net water movement. In contrast, water moves into the cell in a hypotonic solution (causing swelling) and out of the cell in a hypertonic solution (causing shrinkage).

Question 14

Is photosynthesis a light-independent or dependent process?

Answer 14

Light-dependent

Question 15

What are the four processes called that generate ATP and how much ATP is generated?

Answer 15

The four processes that generate ATP are:

Glycolysis – Produces a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.
Preparatory Reaction – Produces no ATP directly.
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) – Produces 2 ATP molecules.
Electron Transport Chain – Produces approximately 32 ATP molecules.

Question 16

Does cellular respiration turn FAD into FADH2?

Answer 16

Cellular respiration converts FAD into FADH2 during the Krebs Cycle

Question 17

Where else can DNA be found besides the nucleus?

Answer 17

DNA can also be found in chloroplasts and mitochondria.

Question 18

How does water move through a semipermeable membrane in relation to saltwater solutions?

Answer 18

If the membrane is semipermeable, only water can pass through, causing it to move into the saltwater solution to dilute it. If the membrane allows all substances to pass through, salt will also move into the hypotonic solution.

Question 19

What happens to ATP and NADPH after the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Answer 19

ATP and NADPH are made and sent to the Calvin Cycle, while oxygen is produced and released into the atmosphere.