History Test 5 Study Guide (Ch. 24-28, Early Modern) Flashcards
- List Britain’s reasons for colonizing Australia
Britain colonized Australia to establish a penal colony for convicts, expand its empire, prevent French expansion, and use the land for resources and trade
- What was an emancipist, and why did some Australians and Britons discriminate against them?
An emancipist was a former convict who had served their sentence. Many free settlers and officials discriminated against them because of their criminal past, considering them socially inferior.
- According to Jean-Jacques Rousseau, what often happens to people who live for a long time under the slavery of tyrants?
Rousseau believed that people who lived under tyranny for a long time lost their virtue, courage, and sense of liberty, becoming submissive and fearful.
- Explain why Maximilien Robespierre’s allies decided to abandon him over the night of July 26, 1794, the night before the Thermidorian Reaction.
Robespierre threatened to purge members of the National Convention, leading many to fear for their own lives. His growing paranoia and dictatorial control led his former allies to turn against him and execute him.
- What inspiring message did Admiral Nelson send up the masts of his flagship, HMS Victory, just before the all-important Battle of Trafalgar?
Nelson’s message was: “England expects that every man will do his duty.”
- Chief Justice John Marshall’s ruling in the Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison firmly established what two principles of U.S. law?
The case established judicial review (the Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional) and confirmed the separation of powers between branches of government.
- At the end of the Battle of Fallen Timbers, the British barred the gates of Fort Miami against their Native American allies from the Western Confederacy. Why?
The British had secretly supported the Native American resistance but did not want to provoke another war with the United States. Refusing to help the Native Americans showed they were unwilling to directly challenge American expansion.
