Chapter 12 Flashcards
- Brachiation
A form of movment where primates swing from tree limb to tree limb using their arms.
- Bipedalism
The ability to walk upright on two legs, characteristic of humans and some primates.
- Antibody
A protein produced by the immune system to neutralize or destroy harmful substances like bacteria and viruses.
- Vestigial Organ
An organ or structure that has lost most or all of its original function through evolution.
- Mechanical Digestion
The physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces (e.g., chewing).
- Chemical Digestion
The breakdown of food into simpler molecules by enzymes and digestive chemicals.
- Ruminant
A group of mammals that have a specialized stomach for digesting plant-based food through fermentation.
- Rumen
A compartment in the stomach of ruminants that helps break down food with microbial activity.
What are the Different kinds of primates
Prosimians and anthropoids
What is the CNS
The Central Nervous System (CNS) includes the brain and spinal cord and processes information and decision-making.
What is the PNS
The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) connects the CNS to the body and controls sensory input and motor responses.
How does a signal move?
Via Neuron signals which act chemically and electrically
What cells are used in DNA tests at crime scenes?
Leukocytes (white blood cells) contain DNA for analysis.
How does the heart work?
The heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.
Oxygen-rich blood enters the left atrium, moves to the left ventricle, and is pumped to the body.
Oxygen-depleted blood returns through the right atrium, moves to the right ventricle, and is sent to the lungs for oxygenation.
This cycle repeats about 2.5 billion times in a lifetime.
What is Innate Immunity
Innate immunity is the first line of defense (e.g., tonsils, MALT, leukocytes, spleen, appendix).
What is Adaptive immunity
Adaptive immunity involves T cells and B cells working together to create antibodies that target specific invaders.
What is the main muscle used to breathe
Main muscles involved in inhalation: The diaphragm is the primary muscle used for breathing.
Where does diffusion happen in the lungs
Where does diffusion happen in the lungs? Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli.
What separates humans from animals?
Humans have complex communication, higher intelligence, reasoning, a sense of right and wrong, and are made in the image of God.
