Chapter 4

Question 1

Interphase

Answer 1

All phases of the cell cycle that do not include mitosis.

Question 2

Apoptosis

Answer 2

The death of a cell that occurs as a normal, controlled event in an organism.

Question 3

Cytokinesis

Answer 3

A division of the cytoplasm, which results in two cells where there was only one.

Question 4

Chromosome

Answer 4

An organized package of DNA that is formed during cell division.

Question 5

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 5

Chromosomes that carry the same genes, but one comes from one parent while the other comes from the other parent.

Question 6

Gamete

Answer 6

A mature haploid cell used in sexual reproduction.

Question 7

Zygote

Answer 7

A diploid cell that results from the union of two gametes.

Question 8

Hermaphrodite

Answer 8

An organism capable of producing male and female gametes.

Question 9

List the phases

Answer 9

Metaphase
Interphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 10

A cell is undergoing telophase without a contractile ring. Is this a bacterial, plant, or animal cell?

Answer 10

This is a plant cell

Question 11

A cell with its diploid set of DNA has 28 chromosomes. If it undergoes mitosis, how many cells will there be, and how many chromosomes will each cell have? If it undergoes both meiosis I and meiosis II, how many cells will there be, and how many chromosomes will each cell have?

Answer 11

After mitosis, there will be two cells, each of which has 28 chromosomes. After meiosis I
and meiosis II, there will be four cells, each of which has 14 chromosomes.

Question 12

A cell with 8 pairs of homologous chromosomes undergoes meiosis. At the end of meiosis I, how many cells will there be? How many chromosomes will be in each cell? Will those chromosomes be attached to their sister chromatids? At the end of meiosis II, how many cells will there be, and how many chromosomes will be in each cell? Will those chromosomes be attached to their sister chromatids?

Answer 12

At the end of meiosis I, there will be two cells, each of which has 8 chromosomes attached to
their sister chromatids. At the end of meiosis II, there will be four cells, each of which has 8
chromosomes that are not attached to their sister chromatids.

Question 13

Compare the sizes of a sperm and an egg.

Answer 13

Sperm cells are much smaller than egg cells.

Question 14

Does the sperm, egg, or polar body have more material?

Answer 14

The egg has more material.

Question 15

Which process comes up with two genetically identical cells?

Answer 15

Mitosis, binary fission, and budding result in two genetically identical cells.