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T&B > Science chapter 8 > Flashcards

Science chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What are protozoa?

A

Protozoa are animal-like, they move, and feed on other organisms.

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2
Q

What are algae?

A

Algae are plant-like and they go through photosynthesis.

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3
Q

What are slime molds?

A

Slime molds are fungus-like and form spore-releasing structures.

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4
Q

To which plankton do protozoa and algae belong?

A

Protozoa belong to the zooplankton (mobile), while algae belong to the phytoplankton (photosynthetic).

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5
Q

What are the key characteristics of dinoflagellates?

A

Dinoflagellates have two flagella, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and an eyespot for light detection.

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6
Q

What is the function of a contractile vacuole?

A

It pumps water out of the cell to prevent it from bursting due to osmosis.

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7
Q

How are diatom remains used?

A

Diatom remains are used as a gentle abrasive since their glass-like cell walls break into shards.

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8
Q

What is the mutualism relationship with dinoflagellates?

A

Dinoflagellates live inside coral, benefiting both the dinoflagellates (shelter) and coral (nutrition).

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9
Q

What genus is responsible for malaria?

A

Plasmodium.

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10
Q

What are the key features of ciliates?

A

Ciliates have cilia for movement, an oral groove for feeding, and two nuclei: a micronucleus and a macronucleus.

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of foraminifera?

A

Foraminifera have radial or bilateral symmetry, and deposits of their remains can indicate oil presence.

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12
Q

What is the difference between gametophyte and sporophyte?

A

Gametophyte is haploid and produces gametes, while sporophyte is diploid and produces spores.

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13
Q

What are Volvox colonies?

A

Volvox colonies are spherical with daughter colonies inside, which are released when mature.

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14
Q

How does Spirogyra form?

A

Spirogyra forms a spiral.

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15
Q

What are the reproductive stages in fungi?

A

Hyphae are haploid and reproduce asexually via mitosis; sexual reproduction involves plasmogamy followed by karyogamy; the fruiting body facilitates sexual reproduction.

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16
Q

What role does chitin play in fungi?

A

Chitin provides support and protection in fungal cell walls.

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17
Q

What are obligate intracellular parasites?

A

Obligate intracellular parasites live inside the cells of a host organism.

18
Q

What are the types of fungal reproduction?

A

Chytridiomycota produce flagellated spores; Zygomycota produce zygospores; Ascomycota form ascocarps; Basidiomycota produce basidiocarps.

19
Q

What is the lichen relationship?

A

In a lichen relationship, the fungus provides support, protection, and nutrients, while algae perform photosynthesis, providing food and oxygen.

20
Q

What is the mycorrhizal relationship?

A

In a mycorrhizal relationship, the fungus provides nutrients and protection for plant roots, while roots give food to the fungus.

21
Q

What are examples of fungal phyla?

A

Examples of fungal phyla include Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, and Ascomycota.

22
Q

What is a phylogenetic tree?

A

A phylogenetic tree is a reconstruction of the supposed evolutionary history of a group of organisms.

23
Q

What is plasmolysis?

A

Plasmolysis is the shrinking of a cell’s cytoplasm due to water loss.

24
Q

What is a pseudopod?

A

A pseudopod is an extension of cytoplasm used by some cells to move or feed.

25
Q

What is mycology?

A

Mycology is the study of fungi.

26
Q

What are vegetative structures?

A

Vegetative structures are groups of cells involved in metabolic activity and growth, such as the mycelium.

27
Q

What is a fleshy fungus?

A

A fleshy fungus is a compact, multicellular fungal structure made of many hyphae.

28
Q

What is pasteurization?

A

Pasteurization is a heating process that reduces the level of microbes in a liquid to a safe level for consumption and storage.

29
Q

What is commensalism?

A

Commensalism is when two organisms live together where one benefits, and the host is neither helped nor harmed.

30
Q

What is phylogenetics?

A

Phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relatedness among various groups of organisms.

31
Q

What is Euglena?

A

Euglena is a mixotroph with a whip-like flagellum, capable of photosynthesis and heterotrophy.

32
Q

What is Paramecium?

A

Paramecium is a ciliate that moves with hair-like structures and feeds through an oral groove.

33
Q

What is a Radiolarian?

A

A Radiolarian is a marine protist with a silica-based skeleton and intricate geometric shapes.

34
Q

What is Volvox?

A

Volvox is a colonial green alga with cells working together for movement and reproduction.

35
Q

What is a dinoflagellate?

A

A dinoflagellate is a bioluminescent protist with two flagella; responsible for red tides.

36
Q

What is a diatom?

A

A diatom is a photosynthetic protist with a silica shell; forms the base of many aquatic food webs.

37
Q

What is Plasmodium?

A

Plasmodium is a parasitic protist that causes malaria, transmitted through mosquito bites.

38
Q

What is the alternation of generation process?

A

The alternation of generation process is when the life cycle alternates between haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) stages, involving both sexual and asexual reproduction.

39
Q

Why might a protist be found in freshwater basins often?

A

It likely has a contractile vacuole to expel excess water and prevent bursting due to osmosis.

40
Q

What organism has chitin?

A

Fungi have chitin in their cell walls; arthropods (e.g., insects) have it in their exoskeletons.

41
Q

What processes do fungi undergo?

A

Fungi undergo spore production (asexual or sexual reproduction), hyphal growth (vegetative growth), decomposition (breaking down organic matter), and mycorrhizal symbiosis (nutrient exchange with plants).

42
Q

What are examples of fruiting bodies?

A

Examples of fruiting bodies include mushroom, puffball, morel, and bracket fungus.

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