Science chapter 8

Question 1

What are protozoa?

Answer 1

Protozoa are animal-like, they move, and feed on other organisms.

Question 2

What are algae?

Answer 2

Algae are plant-like and they go through photosynthesis.

Question 3

What are slime molds?

Answer 3

Slime molds are fungus-like and form spore-releasing structures.

Question 4

To which plankton do protozoa and algae belong?

Answer 4

Protozoa belong to the zooplankton (mobile), while algae belong to the phytoplankton (photosynthetic).

Question 5

What are the key characteristics of dinoflagellates?

Answer 5

Dinoflagellates have two flagella, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and an eyespot for light detection.

Question 6

What is the function of a contractile vacuole?

Answer 6

It pumps water out of the cell to prevent it from bursting due to osmosis.

Question 7

How are diatom remains used?

Answer 7

Diatom remains are used as a gentle abrasive since their glass-like cell walls break into shards.

Question 8

What is the mutualism relationship with dinoflagellates?

Answer 8

Dinoflagellates live inside coral, benefiting both the dinoflagellates (shelter) and coral (nutrition).

Question 9

What genus is responsible for malaria?

Answer 9

Plasmodium.

Question 10

What are the key features of ciliates?

Answer 10

Ciliates have cilia for movement, an oral groove for feeding, and two nuclei: a micronucleus and a macronucleus.

Question 11

What are the characteristics of foraminifera?

Answer 11

Foraminifera have radial or bilateral symmetry, and deposits of their remains can indicate oil presence.

Question 12

What is the difference between gametophyte and sporophyte?

Answer 12

Gametophyte is haploid and produces gametes, while sporophyte is diploid and produces spores.

Question 13

What are Volvox colonies?

Answer 13

Volvox colonies are spherical with daughter colonies inside, which are released when mature.

Question 14

How does Spirogyra form?

Answer 14

Spirogyra forms a spiral.

Question 15

What are the reproductive stages in fungi?

Answer 15

Hyphae are haploid and reproduce asexually via mitosis; sexual reproduction involves plasmogamy followed by karyogamy; the fruiting body facilitates sexual reproduction.

Question 16

What role does chitin play in fungi?

Answer 16

Chitin provides support and protection in fungal cell walls.

Question 17

What are obligate intracellular parasites?

Answer 17

Obligate intracellular parasites live inside the cells of a host organism.

Question 18

What are the types of fungal reproduction?

Answer 18

Chytridiomycota produce flagellated spores; Zygomycota produce zygospores; Ascomycota form ascocarps; Basidiomycota produce basidiocarps.

Question 19

What is the lichen relationship?

Answer 19

In a lichen relationship, the fungus provides support, protection, and nutrients, while algae perform photosynthesis, providing food and oxygen.

Question 20

What is the mycorrhizal relationship?

Answer 20

In a mycorrhizal relationship, the fungus provides nutrients and protection for plant roots, while roots give food to the fungus.

Question 21

What are examples of fungal phyla?

Answer 21

Examples of fungal phyla include Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, and Ascomycota.

Question 22

What is a phylogenetic tree?

Answer 22

A phylogenetic tree is a reconstruction of the supposed evolutionary history of a group of organisms.

Question 23

What is plasmolysis?

Answer 23

Plasmolysis is the shrinking of a cell’s cytoplasm due to water loss.

Question 24

What is a pseudopod?

Answer 24

A pseudopod is an extension of cytoplasm used by some cells to move or feed.

Question 25

What is mycology?

Answer 25

Mycology is the study of fungi.

Question 26

What are vegetative structures?

Answer 26

Vegetative structures are groups of cells involved in metabolic activity and growth, such as the mycelium.

Question 27

What is a fleshy fungus?

Answer 27

A fleshy fungus is a compact, multicellular fungal structure made of many hyphae.

Question 28

What is pasteurization?

Answer 28

Pasteurization is a heating process that reduces the level of microbes in a liquid to a safe level for consumption and storage.

Question 29

What is commensalism?

Answer 29

Commensalism is when two organisms live together where one benefits, and the host is neither helped nor harmed.

Question 30

What is phylogenetics?

Answer 30

Phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relatedness among various groups of organisms.

Question 31

What is Euglena?

Answer 31

Euglena is a mixotroph with a whip-like flagellum, capable of photosynthesis and heterotrophy.

Question 32

What is Paramecium?

Answer 32

Paramecium is a ciliate that moves with hair-like structures and feeds through an oral groove.

Question 33

What is a Radiolarian?

Answer 33

A Radiolarian is a marine protist with a silica-based skeleton and intricate geometric shapes.

Question 34

What is Volvox?

Answer 34

Volvox is a colonial green alga with cells working together for movement and reproduction.

Question 35

What is a dinoflagellate?

Answer 35

A dinoflagellate is a bioluminescent protist with two flagella; responsible for red tides.

Question 36

What is a diatom?

Answer 36

A diatom is a photosynthetic protist with a silica shell; forms the base of many aquatic food webs.

Question 37

What is Plasmodium?

Answer 37

Plasmodium is a parasitic protist that causes malaria, transmitted through mosquito bites.

Question 38

What is the alternation of generation process?

Answer 38

The alternation of generation process is when the life cycle alternates between haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) stages, involving both sexual and asexual reproduction.

Question 39

Why might a protist be found in freshwater basins often?

Answer 39

It likely has a contractile vacuole to expel excess water and prevent bursting due to osmosis.

Question 40

What organism has chitin?

Answer 40

Fungi have chitin in their cell walls; arthropods (e.g., insects) have it in their exoskeletons.

Question 41

What processes do fungi undergo?

Answer 41

Fungi undergo spore production (asexual or sexual reproduction), hyphal growth (vegetative growth), decomposition (breaking down organic matter), and mycorrhizal symbiosis (nutrient exchange with plants).

Question 42

What are examples of fruiting bodies?

Answer 42

Examples of fruiting bodies include mushroom, puffball, morel, and bracket fungus.