Science chapter 8 Flashcards
What are protozoa?
Protozoa are animal-like, they move, and feed on other organisms.
What are algae?
Algae are plant-like and they go through photosynthesis.
What are slime molds?
Slime molds are fungus-like and form spore-releasing structures.
To which plankton do protozoa and algae belong?
Protozoa belong to the zooplankton (mobile), while algae belong to the phytoplankton (photosynthetic).
What are the key characteristics of dinoflagellates?
Dinoflagellates have two flagella, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and an eyespot for light detection.
What is the function of a contractile vacuole?
It pumps water out of the cell to prevent it from bursting due to osmosis.
How are diatom remains used?
Diatom remains are used as a gentle abrasive since their glass-like cell walls break into shards.
What is the mutualism relationship with dinoflagellates?
Dinoflagellates live inside coral, benefiting both the dinoflagellates (shelter) and coral (nutrition).
What genus is responsible for malaria?
Plasmodium.
What are the key features of ciliates?
Ciliates have cilia for movement, an oral groove for feeding, and two nuclei: a micronucleus and a macronucleus.
What are the characteristics of foraminifera?
Foraminifera have radial or bilateral symmetry, and deposits of their remains can indicate oil presence.
What is the difference between gametophyte and sporophyte?
Gametophyte is haploid and produces gametes, while sporophyte is diploid and produces spores.
What are Volvox colonies?
Volvox colonies are spherical with daughter colonies inside, which are released when mature.
How does Spirogyra form?
Spirogyra forms a spiral.
What are the reproductive stages in fungi?
Hyphae are haploid and reproduce asexually via mitosis; sexual reproduction involves plasmogamy followed by karyogamy; the fruiting body facilitates sexual reproduction.
What role does chitin play in fungi?
Chitin provides support and protection in fungal cell walls.
What are obligate intracellular parasites?
Obligate intracellular parasites live inside the cells of a host organism.
What are the types of fungal reproduction?
Chytridiomycota produce flagellated spores; Zygomycota produce zygospores; Ascomycota form ascocarps; Basidiomycota produce basidiocarps.
What is the lichen relationship?
In a lichen relationship, the fungus provides support, protection, and nutrients, while algae perform photosynthesis, providing food and oxygen.
What is the mycorrhizal relationship?
In a mycorrhizal relationship, the fungus provides nutrients and protection for plant roots, while roots give food to the fungus.
What are examples of fungal phyla?
Examples of fungal phyla include Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, and Ascomycota.
What is a phylogenetic tree?
A phylogenetic tree is a reconstruction of the supposed evolutionary history of a group of organisms.
What is plasmolysis?
Plasmolysis is the shrinking of a cell’s cytoplasm due to water loss.
What is a pseudopod?
A pseudopod is an extension of cytoplasm used by some cells to move or feed.
What is mycology?
Mycology is the study of fungi.
What are vegetative structures?
Vegetative structures are groups of cells involved in metabolic activity and growth, such as the mycelium.
What is a fleshy fungus?
A fleshy fungus is a compact, multicellular fungal structure made of many hyphae.
What is pasteurization?
Pasteurization is a heating process that reduces the level of microbes in a liquid to a safe level for consumption and storage.
What is commensalism?
Commensalism is when two organisms live together where one benefits, and the host is neither helped nor harmed.
What is phylogenetics?
Phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relatedness among various groups of organisms.
What is Euglena?
Euglena is a mixotroph with a whip-like flagellum, capable of photosynthesis and heterotrophy.
What is Paramecium?
Paramecium is a ciliate that moves with hair-like structures and feeds through an oral groove.
What is a Radiolarian?
A Radiolarian is a marine protist with a silica-based skeleton and intricate geometric shapes.
What is Volvox?
Volvox is a colonial green alga with cells working together for movement and reproduction.
What is a dinoflagellate?
A dinoflagellate is a bioluminescent protist with two flagella; responsible for red tides.
What is a diatom?
A diatom is a photosynthetic protist with a silica shell; forms the base of many aquatic food webs.
What is Plasmodium?
Plasmodium is a parasitic protist that causes malaria, transmitted through mosquito bites.
What is the alternation of generation process?
The alternation of generation process is when the life cycle alternates between haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) stages, involving both sexual and asexual reproduction.
Why might a protist be found in freshwater basins often?
It likely has a contractile vacuole to expel excess water and prevent bursting due to osmosis.
What organism has chitin?
Fungi have chitin in their cell walls; arthropods (e.g., insects) have it in their exoskeletons.
What processes do fungi undergo?
Fungi undergo spore production (asexual or sexual reproduction), hyphal growth (vegetative growth), decomposition (breaking down organic matter), and mycorrhizal symbiosis (nutrient exchange with plants).
What are examples of fruiting bodies?
Examples of fruiting bodies include mushroom, puffball, morel, and bracket fungus.
