Science Qz ch. 9 1 & 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Democritus

A

proposed matter was made of small particles called atoms.

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2
Q

Aristotle

A

He did not agree with Democritus, he thought all matter was made up of the four elements.

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3
Q

Dalton

A

proved Democritus’s theory true, and made the first atomic theory. Also believed that all matter was made up of atoms that were identical, and every element had a unique type of identical atoms.

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4
Q

Thomson

A

showed that atoms are made of even smaller particles. Discovered negatively charged electrons. Created the chocolate chip cookie model.

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5
Q

Rutherford

A

Tried the gold foil experiment and discovered protons inside the nucleus. Also concluded atoms are made mostly of empty space.

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6
Q

Chadwick

A

discovered neutrons working with rutherford.

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7
Q

Bohr

A

proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus like the solar system, and they farther away the electrons get, the more energy they have.

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8
Q

Proton

A

positively charged particle inside the nucleus

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9
Q

neutron

A

neutrally charged particle in the nucleus.

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10
Q

electron

A

negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus in layers.

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11
Q

Isotopes

A

atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.

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12
Q

Atomic number

A

the number of protons in an atom of an element (every substance has a different number of protons)

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13
Q

Nuclear decay

A

a process that occurs when an unstable atomic nucleus changes into another more stable nucleus by emitting radiation.

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14
Q

Alpha decay

A

releases 2 protons and makes the atomic number decrease by 2.

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15
Q

Beta decay

A

a neutron changes into a proton, atomic number increases by 1

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16
Q

gamma decay

A

contains a lot of energy and does not contain particles. Can pass through a thin sheet of lead!