science chapter 19 Flashcards
When lightning strikes, some of the energy releases…(3 main things)
the lightning bolt we see, the sound of thunder, and the thermal energy around the bolt
The amount of positive protons and negative electrons are always
equal to one another
Oppositely charged particles (protons and electrons) are…
attracted to one another like a magnet
Any object can become ___________ ________, making it an ___.
electrically charged, ion
Different materials carry electrons more…
loosely than others
objects become unbalanced when?
objects loose electrons, causing these electrons to bounce around to other objects. (electrons must = protons)
An unbalanced negative or positive electric charge on an object is sometimes referred to as a?
static charge
the region surrounding a charged object that applies an electric force to other charged objects around it (can attract or repel other charged objects)
electric field
The strength of the electric force relies on the total amount of…(2 things)
charge on both objects and the distance between the objects.
The Strength of an electric field increases as the…
total amount of charge of the two objects increases
A stronger electric field applies a…
stronger electric force to other objects.
The strength of an electric field increases as the…
distance between the two objects decreases.
A material in which electrons cannot easily move
electric insulator
A material in which electrons can easily move
electric conductor
When objects made of different materials touch, electrons tend to collect on the object that holds electrons tighter. This is known as…
transferring charge by contact
Insulators and Conductors can be…
charged by contact
a process by which one object causes two other objects that are conductors to become charged without touching them
Transferring charge by induction
When electrons concentrate at one end of an object, the object is…
polarized
When conducting objects with unequal charges touch, electrons flow from the object with a _______ _____________ __ ________ _______ to the object with a _____ ___________ __ ________ ______.
greater concentration of negative charge, lower concentration of negative charge
The process of an unbalanced electric charge becoming balanced (can occur slowly or quickly)
electric discharge
Providing a path for electric charges to flow safely into the ground
grounding
How many people die from lightning each year?
2000
how many bolts of lightning strike the earths surface every second?
50
Each bolt of lightning carries
10 billion watts
The color of lightning depends on…(3)
atmospheric humidity, temperature, and levels of air pollution
comes from heated air rapidly vibrating from extreme temperature
thunder
air around lightning can be heated to
5x hotter than the sun
The movement of electrically charged particles
electric current
A closed, or complete, path in which an electric current travels
electric circuit
Electric current is measured as
the number of electrons that flow past a point every second
scientists count electrons by a quantity called?
a coulomb
1 coulomb =
6x10^18
The scientific unit to measure electric current
ampere (A)
a measure of how difficult it is for an electric current to flow in a material
electric resistance
the scientific unit for electric resistance
an Ohm (Ω)
good electric conductors have a _______ resistance
low
good electric insulators have a ______ resistance
high
Thicker wires have ______ electric resistance than thinner wires
lower
increasing the length of a conductor increases its
electric resistance
the amount of energy the source uses to move one coulomb of electrons through the circuit
voltage
the higher the voltage source,
the more electric energy is transformed into other types of energy
a mathematical equation that describes the relationships among voltage, current, and resistance
Ohm’s law
As the voltage of a circuit’s electric energy source increases,
the current in the circuit increases too
As the resistance of a circuit increases,
the current decreases
Ohms law equation…
current (I=amperes) x Resistance (A=Ω) = Voltage (V=volts)
helps determine which circuits have a greater electric resistance
volumeters
All parts of a circuit transform some of the electric energy into
wasted thermal energy
CFLs conduct an electric current through
gas (wastes less thermal energy)
an electric circuit with only one path for an electric current to follow
a series circuit
an electric circuit with more than one path, or branch, for an electric current to follow
a parallel circuit
carries the energy from a power plant to your home or office
transmission wires
measure the energy used in the electric circuits of your home
electric meters
having too many branches in a circuit can cause
dangerously high currents
a piece of metal that breaks a circuit by melting from the thermal energy made by a high current
a fuse
a switch that automatically opens a circuit when the current is too great
a circuit breaker
used where an outlet is found near a source of water, like a sink. They protect you from dangerous electric shocks.
a GFCI
occurs when an electric current passes through the human body
electric shocks
