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science chapter 19 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

When lightning strikes, some of the energy releases…(3 main things)

A

the lightning bolt we see, the sound of thunder, and the thermal energy around the bolt

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2
Q

The amount of positive protons and negative electrons are always

A

equal to one another

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3
Q

Oppositely charged particles (protons and electrons) are…

A

attracted to one another like a magnet

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4
Q

Any object can become ___________ ________, making it an ___.

A

electrically charged, ion

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5
Q

Different materials carry electrons more…

A

loosely than others

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6
Q

objects become unbalanced when?

A

objects loose electrons, causing these electrons to bounce around to other objects. (electrons must = protons)

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7
Q

An unbalanced negative or positive electric charge on an object is sometimes referred to as a?

A

static charge

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8
Q

the region surrounding a charged object that applies an electric force to other charged objects around it (can attract or repel other charged objects)

A

electric field

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9
Q

The strength of the electric force relies on the total amount of…(2 things)

A

charge on both objects and the distance between the objects.

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10
Q

The Strength of an electric field increases as the…

A

total amount of charge of the two objects increases

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11
Q

A stronger electric field applies a…

A

stronger electric force to other objects.

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12
Q

The strength of an electric field increases as the…

A

distance between the two objects decreases.

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13
Q

A material in which electrons cannot easily move

A

electric insulator

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14
Q

A material in which electrons can easily move

A

electric conductor

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15
Q

When objects made of different materials touch, electrons tend to collect on the object that holds electrons tighter. This is known as…

A

transferring charge by contact

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16
Q

Insulators and Conductors can be…

A

charged by contact

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17
Q

a process by which one object causes two other objects that are conductors to become charged without touching them

A

Transferring charge by induction

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18
Q

When electrons concentrate at one end of an object, the object is…

A

polarized

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19
Q

When conducting objects with unequal charges touch, electrons flow from the object with a _______ _____________ __ ________ _______ to the object with a _____ ___________ __ ________ ______.

A

greater concentration of negative charge, lower concentration of negative charge

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20
Q

The process of an unbalanced electric charge becoming balanced (can occur slowly or quickly)

A

electric discharge

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21
Q

Providing a path for electric charges to flow safely into the ground

A

grounding

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22
Q

How many people die from lightning each year?

A

2000

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23
Q

how many bolts of lightning strike the earths surface every second?

A

50

24
Q

Each bolt of lightning carries

A

10 billion watts

25
Q

The color of lightning depends on…(3)

A

atmospheric humidity, temperature, and levels of air pollution

26
Q

comes from heated air rapidly vibrating from extreme temperature

A

thunder

27
Q

air around lightning can be heated to

A

5x hotter than the sun

28
Q

The movement of electrically charged particles

A

electric current

29
Q

A closed, or complete, path in which an electric current travels

A

electric circuit

30
Q

Electric current is measured as

A

the number of electrons that flow past a point every second

31
Q

scientists count electrons by a quantity called?

A

a coulomb

32
Q

1 coulomb =

A

6x10^18

33
Q

The scientific unit to measure electric current

A

ampere (A)

34
Q

a measure of how difficult it is for an electric current to flow in a material

A

electric resistance

35
Q

the scientific unit for electric resistance

A

an Ohm (Ω)

36
Q

good electric conductors have a _______ resistance

A

low

37
Q

good electric insulators have a ______ resistance

A

high

38
Q

Thicker wires have ______ electric resistance than thinner wires

A

lower

39
Q

increasing the length of a conductor increases its

A

electric resistance

40
Q

the amount of energy the source uses to move one coulomb of electrons through the circuit

A

voltage

41
Q

the higher the voltage source,

A

the more electric energy is transformed into other types of energy

42
Q

a mathematical equation that describes the relationships among voltage, current, and resistance

A

Ohm’s law

43
Q

As the voltage of a circuit’s electric energy source increases,

A

the current in the circuit increases too

44
Q

As the resistance of a circuit increases,

A

the current decreases

45
Q

Ohms law equation…

A

current (I=amperes) x Resistance (A=Ω) = Voltage (V=volts)

46
Q

helps determine which circuits have a greater electric resistance

A

volumeters

47
Q

All parts of a circuit transform some of the electric energy into

A

wasted thermal energy

48
Q

CFLs conduct an electric current through

A

gas (wastes less thermal energy)

49
Q

an electric circuit with only one path for an electric current to follow

A

a series circuit

50
Q

an electric circuit with more than one path, or branch, for an electric current to follow

A

a parallel circuit

51
Q

carries the energy from a power plant to your home or office

A

transmission wires

52
Q

measure the energy used in the electric circuits of your home

A

electric meters

53
Q

having too many branches in a circuit can cause

A

dangerously high currents

54
Q

a piece of metal that breaks a circuit by melting from the thermal energy made by a high current

A

a fuse

55
Q

a switch that automatically opens a circuit when the current is too great

A

a circuit breaker

56
Q

used where an outlet is found near a source of water, like a sink. They protect you from dangerous electric shocks.

A

a GFCI

57
Q

occurs when an electric current passes through the human body

A

electric shocks

Science (18 decks)

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