Science Final Flashcards
Wave Speed Math Formula
Speed (in m/s)
————————–l————————–
Frequency (in Hz) l Wavelength (in m)
A wave in a disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another without transferring?
a) sound
b) matter
c) rarefactions
d) vibrations
b) matter
A water wave is an example of a?
a) electromagnetic wave
b) medium
c) mechanical wave
d) longitudinal wave
c) mechanical wave
Mechanical waves cannot travel through?
a) air
b) a vacuum
c) water
d) solids
b) a vacuum
A wave that travels perpendicular to the disturbance would likely be a
a) longitudinal wave
b) mechanical wave
c) surface wave
d) transverse wave
d) transverse wave
The highest points on a transverse wave represent the
a) rest points
b) troughs
c) crests
d) source of energy
c) crests
The lowest points on a transverse wave represent the
a) wavelengths
b) troughs
c) crests
d) amplitudes
b) troughs
The distance from crest to crest is measured as the
a) amplitude
b) crest height
c) rest position
d) wavelength
d) wavelength
When the particles in a medium move parallel to the direction that the wave travels you have a
a) transverse wave
b) parallel wave
c) longitudinal wave
d) particle wave
c) longitudinal wave
Longitudinal waves have compressions, this is where the particles are
a) closer together
b) farthest apart
c) resting
d) vibrating
a) closer together
Three types of mechanical waves would be
a) rope, water, sound
b) sound, water, seismic
c) sound, water, spring
d) rope, spring, water
b) sound, water, seismic
Electromagnetic waves can travel through empty space and
a) water
b) solids
c) matter
d) air
c) matter
Which measurement defines the amount of energy a wave has?
a) speed
b) amplitude
c) rest position
d) wavelength
b) amplitude
If a wave has a lot of energy it will have a lot of?
a) frequency
b) pitch
c) wavelength
d) amplitude
d) amplitude
What is another way to represent wavelength?
a) Hz
b) lambda
c) tambda
d) speed
b) lambda
The law of reflection states
a) when reflected from a surface, the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence
b) angle of reflection is never the same as the angle of incidence
c) when reflected from a surface, the angle of reflection is always 45 degrees
d) when absorbed from a surface, the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence.
a) when reflected from a surface, the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence
What do we call it when energy by a wave is transferred to the medium through which it travels
a) transmission
b) absorption
c) refraction
d) diffraction
b) absorption
What is the term for the matter through which a mechanical wave travels?
a) medium
b) substrate
c) conductor
d) wave relay
a) medium
What is the area of low density in a sound wave called?
a) wavelength
b) rarefaction
c) compression
d) vibration
b) rarefaction
Why does sound travel at different speeds in different materials?
a) matter causes sound to echo
b) long wavelengths travel farther than short wavelengths
c) sound travels fastest in low density materials
d) because particles are farther apart in some materials than others
d) because particles are farther apart in some materials than others
Where is the eardrum located?
a) outer ear
b) middle ear
c) inner ear
d) between the brain and cochlea
b) middle ear
Which of these would likely be a longitudinal wave?
a) tsunami
b) sound
c) a rope on a door handle
d) cell phone signals
b) sound
Pitch describes the human perception of which property?
a) resonance
b) amplitude
c) frequency
d) overtones
c) frequency
Which property of a sound wave determines how close together the particles are in the compression region?
a) amplitude
b) frequency
c) wave length
d) wave speed
a) amplitude
Which phenomenon do musical instruments use to amplify sound?
a) beats
b) interference
c) resonance
d) doppler effect
c) resonance
the amount of sound energy that passes through a square meter of space in one second
Intensity
Sonar Signal Math Formula
Depth
—————————l—————-
Speed (in m/s) / 2 l Time (in s)
The lowest frequency at which a material naturally vibrates is called its
a) interference
b) overtone
c) base tone
d) fundamental tone
d) fundamental tone
Decibel Loudness Math Formula
Loudness (EX: 100) = 10 dB x 10 db
Ben Underwood was able to amaze scientists with his “echolocation” abilities. Dolphins use a similar echolocation to navigate the murky waters of the ocean. Why were scientists so impressed?
a) because sound travels better in water than air
b) because sound travels better in air than water
c) because ben was only 14
d) because nobody else has ever used echolocation
a) because sound travels better in water than air
What kind of obstacles were the most difficult for Ben to detect?
a) flat objects
b) obstacles lower than ground level
c) round objects
d) curved objects
b) obstacles lower than ground level
What happens to an electromagnetic wave as it passes from space to matter?
a) slows down
b) speeds up
c) no change
d) changes frequency
a) slows down
Which type of electromagnetic waves have the longest wavelengths?
a) ultraviolet
b) infrared
c) microwaves
d) radio waves
d) radio waves
Which type of electromagnetic wave does your body emit?
a) ultraviolet waves
b) infrared waves
c) radio waves
d) x-rays
b) infrared waves
Which three types of electromagnetic waves carry most of the Sun’s energy that strikes Earth?
a) infrared, light, and ultraviolet waves
b) ultraviolet waves, light, microwaves
c) light, ultraviolet waves, radio waves
d) X-rays, infrared, and gamma waves
a) infrared, light, and ultraviolet waves
What happens to a wave if its frequency decreases?
a) Its amplitude increases
b) Its energy decreases
c) Its speed increases
d) Its wavelength decreases
b) Its energy decreases
Which type of EM wave causes a chemical to glow in a fluorescent light bulb?
a) gamma waves
b) infrared waves
c) radio waves
d) ultraviolet waves
d) ultraviolet waves
Which list of EM waves is in the correct order from highest to lowest energy?
a) gamma rays, radio waves, infrared waves, microwaves
b) ultraviolet waves, gamma rays, X-rays, light
c) light, infrared waves, microwaves, radio waves
d) X-rays, gamma rays, ultraviolet waves, light
c) light, infrared waves, microwaves, radio waves
Of all the EM waves on the spectrum which one can penetrate matter the most?
a) radio waves
b) ultraviolet waves
c) X-rays
d) gamma rays
d) gamma rays
Electromagnetic waves transfer what from one place to another?
a) amplitude
b) light
c) matter
d) energy
d) energy
This color has the longest wavelength of all the colors in the spectrum
a) radio waves
b) red
c) infrared
d) violet
b) red
This color has the shortest wavelength of all the colors in the spectrum
a) ultraviolet
b) red
c) violet
d) indigo
c) violet
Light represents only a small portion of the total…
a) number of colors
b) light waves
c) electromagnetic spectrum
d) microwaves
c) electromagnetic spectrum
Which frequency would you most likely be able to hear without any aides?
a) 10 Hz
b) 100 Hz
c) 1000 Hz
d) 20,000 Hz
c) 1000 Hz
When the electric field is strongest in one direction, the magnetic field is strongest…
a) perpendicular to that direction
b) parallel to that direction
c) in the same direction
d) depending on the medium
a) perpendicular to that direction
Electromagnetic waves travel through space at the rate of…
a) 300,000 km/s
b) 300,000 ft/s
c) 300,000 m/s
d) 300,000 mm/s
a) 300,000 km/s
Scientists are studying an exciting way to travel beyond the solar system using…
a) Tesla technology
b) solar sails
c) space shuttles
d) the new green deal
b) solar sails
Your skin senses infrared waves with longer wavelengths as…
a) a red color
b) noise
c) pragmatic
d) warmth
d) warmth
Why can you get sunburnt on a cloudy day?
You can get sunburnt because ultraviolet waves are strong enough to pass through clouds, and they are strong enough to burn human skin.
A particle of electromagnetic radiation is called a…
photon
Light can carry through matter and…
space
A material that allows almost all the light that strikes it to pass through and form a clear image is…
transparent
A material that allows most of the light that strikes it to pass through and form a blurry image is…
translucent
A material through which light does not pass is…
opaque
he passage of light through an object is called…
transmission
According to the __________________, when a wave is reflected from a surface, the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence.
law of reflection
Reflection of light from a smooth, shiny surface is called…
regular reflection
Reflection of light from a rough surface is called…
diffuse reflection
A mirror that curves inward is called a…
concave mirror
A mirror that curves outward, like the back of a spoon, is called a…
convex mirror
Index of Refraction Math
3.0 x 10^8 m/s / speed of light in that material
a transparent object with at least one curved side that causes light to change direction is a…
lens
Any instrument or object used to produce or control light is an…
optical device
an electric circuit with many paths…
parallel circuit
electric insulators…
do not conduct electricity well
a closed or complete oath in which an electric current travels…
electric circuit
when you provide an alternative path for electrical charge to travel into the ground…
grounding
an electric circuit with only one path…
series circuit
An unbalanced positive or negative electrical charge on an object…
static charge
when you have electrons concentrated on one end of n object the it is…
polarized
the amount of energy transformed by the circuit depends on the battery’s…
voltage
the process of an unbalanced electrical charge becoming balanced is called…
electric discharge
a measure of how difficult it is for an electric current to flow through a material…
electric resistance
electric conductors…
conduct electricity well
the movement of electrically charged particles…
electric current
current is measured in…
amperes
resistance is measured in…
Ohms
Ohm’s Law Math
V (in volts)
—————l————————
I (in amp) l R (in resistance)
The color of a bolt of lightning is influenced by levels of pollution,
a) pressure and temperature
b) humidity and temperature
c) humidity and time of day
d) pressure and CO2 concentration
b) humidity and temperature
A bolt of lightning can generate as much as a…
a) billion watts
b) 10 billion watts
c) 10 thousand watts
d) million watts
b) 10 billion watts
According to the video, on average how many fatalities are there world wide from lightning strikes?
a) 2000
b) 200
c) 1000
d) 100
a) 2000
A lightning bolt can reach temperatures as much as
a) equal to the sun
b) 5 times the temp of the sun
c) 3 times the temp of the sun
d) 10 times the temp of the sun
b) 5 times the temp of the sun
What is the biggest problem with harnessing the power of lightning?
a) it doesn’t happen often enough
b) most strikes are in China
c) not knowing where it will strike
d) it is dangerous
c) not knowing where it will strike
Which is true of an electromagnet?
a) its magnetic domains are always aligned in the same direction
b) it only contains permanent magnets
c) it can be turned on and off
d) they are always magnetic
c) it can be turned on and off
Which creates a magnetic field?
a) moving charged particles
b) stationary charged particles
c) moving neutral particles
d) stationary neutral particles
a) moving charged particles
Which action makes an electromagnet stronger?
a) a smaller voltage
b) adding more coils of wire
c) using fewer coils
d) removing the ferromagnetic core
b) adding more coils of wire
The magnetic field around a current carrying wire forms _____________around the wire.
a) charges
b) perpendicular lines
c) parallel lines
d) circles
d) circles
Which is the correct sequence of steps in an electric power plant?
a) turbine, energy source, generator
b) generator, energy source, turbine
c) energy source, generator, turbine
d) energy source, turbine, generator
d) energy source, turbine, generator
Which of the following is a ferromagnetic element?
a) nikel
b) plastic
c) carbon
d) glass
a) nikel
What happens if a metal bar magnet is broken into four pieces?
a) Two pieces will have only north poles and two will have only south poles
b) Each piece will be a magnet with a north and south pole
c) Two pieces will be magnets and two will not
d) The pieces will not be magnets
b) Each piece will be a magnet with a north and south pole
Output Voltage Math
Output Voltage = Input Voltage x (Secondary coil / primary coil)
What would happen to the electric motor is we would have completely sanded the enamel off of each end?
a) Nothing
b) the coil would still spin the same
c) the coil would spin in the opposite direction
d) the loop would have rotated to one position and stopped
d) the loop would have rotated to one position and stopped
Why did we use magnets on our electric motor?
a) you need two opposing magnetic fields to keep the coil moving
b) to hold the clay in place
c) to spin the coil
d) to create an electric field
a) you need two opposing magnetic fields to keep the coil moving
What two reasons explain why we used paper clips in our model?
a) that’s all we had
b) they are easy to shape and smooth to help allow the coil to spin
c) they are easy to shape and conduct electricity
d) they conduct electricity and magnetism
c) they are easy to shape and conduct electricity
Which magnetic field is stronger?
a) the field around the paper clips
b) the field created by the spinning coil
c) the field around the magnets
d) the field around the wire
c) the field around the magnets
Who did Tesla find as ally in once he quit working for Edison?
Westinghouse
General Electric was started by Thomas Edison and the powerful banker of the day by the name of…
JD Morgan
The natural wonder that served as an inspiration to young Tesla before he ever immigrated to the US
Niagra Falls
The name of the Italian engineer that was wrongfully issued a patent for the radio transmitter when it should have been issued to Tesla
Marconi
Which distribution method was associated with Edison and Tesla
Edison: __
Tesla: __
DC, AC
Acceleration Math
final speed (in m/s) - Initial speed
l————————————————l
Total time (in s)
The speed time graph for an object at rest is…
y = 0
What do we call the rate of change of position in which the same distance is traveled each second?
a) final speed
b) initial speed
c) constant speed
d) changing speed
c) constant speed
The speed at a specific instant in time is called…
a) specific speed
b) speed
c) average speed
d) instantaneous speed
d) instantaneous speed
The total distance traveled is divided by the total time taken to travel that distance is known as…
a) speed
b) average velocity
c) average speed
d) velocity
c) average speed
The steeper line in distance-time graphs indicate…
a) changing speeds
b) slower speeds
c) constant speeds
d) faster speeds
d) faster speeds
The measure of the distance an object travels per unit of time would be a good definition of…
a) velocity
b) displacement
c) speed
d) travel
c) speed
Which of these is the best example of displacement in the context of Chapter 1?
a) sum of change
b) difference between the initial position and the final position
c) total distance between initial and final position
d) total distance traveled minus half of distance
b) difference between the initial position and the final position
When a car’s velocity is changing, so is the…
a) initial speed
b) top speed
c) acceleration
d) avg speed
c) acceleration
How many signals from satellites are typically used to determine the position of a GPS?
a) 5
b) 4
c) 2
d) 3
b) 4
The complete description of your position includes…
a) reference point only
b) distance and direction only
c) distance, direction, and a reference point
d) distance and reference point only
c) distance, direction, and a reference point
If you travel 65 mph south you have given a measurement of
a) speed in miles per hour
b) speed
c) avg speed
d) velocity
d) velocity
If you know the total distance and the time it takes for an object to travel that distance you can determine the…
a) initial speed
b) avg speed
c) top speed
d) velocity
b) avg speed
What do we call the starting point that describes the location, or position of an object?
a) direction point
b) starting point
c) reference point
d) location point
c) reference point
What type of force is a push or a pull on one object by another force that is touching it?
a) sliding force
b) noncontact force
c) contact force
d) net force
c) contact force
What do we call the combination of all the forces acting on an object?
a) gravity
b) friction
c) Newtons
d) net force
d) net force
What do scientists call the gravitational force exerted on an object?
a) mass
b) net force
c) weight
d) volume
c) weight
The attractive force that exists between all objects that have mass is called…
a) Newton
b) contact force
c) gravity
d) static force
c) gravity
What type of force resists the motion of two surfaces that are touching?
a) slide
b) friction
c) static
d) fluid
c) static
This is usually measured in Kg and consists of the amount of matter an object has…
a) volume
b) gravity
c) mass
d) force
c) mass
The tendency of an object to resist a change in its motion is called…
a) momentum
b) inertia
c) force
d) friction
b) inertia
If forces acting on an object combine and form a net force of zero you will have…
a) net positive
b) unbalanced forces
c) net negative
d) balanced forces
d) balanced forces
A crumpled piece of paper that is dropped and falling through the air is experiencing this type of friction.
a) sliding
b) fluid
c) reduced
d) static
b) fluid
A push or pull on an object is called what in science?
a) gravity
b) Newton
c) friction
d) force
d) force
Name two states besides Hawaii and California that have “Spacewatch Telescopes” to detect approaching asteroids.
Arizona and New Mexico
Momentum Math
Momentum (in kg.m/s) = mass(in kg) x velocity(in m/s)
How is it possible for a bicycle to have more momentum than a truck?
If the bicycle has more mass, velocity and/or speed.
Momentum
a measure of how hard it is to stop a moving object
The product of an object’s mass and velocity is considered…
a) force pair
b) math
c) acceleration
d) momentum
d) momentum
Billiard balls gain the momentum lost by the cue ball; this is an example of…
a) the law of conservation of forced pairs
b) the law of conservation of momentum
c) the law of conservation of energy
d) the law of conservation of mass
b) the law of conservation of momentum
A baseball being hit by a bat, a puck being slapped by a stick, a putter tapping a golf ball are all example of…
a) force
b) force pairs
c) gravity
d) opposite forces
b) force pairs
what is any motion in which an object is moving along a curved path?
a) centripetal
b) central
c) arc motion
d) circular
d) circular
What do you call the perpendicular force to the direction of circular motion?
a) perpendicular force
b) circular
c) gravity
d) centripetal
d) centripetal
What is an example of a wheel and axle?
a) screw driver
b) can opener
c) wedge
d) screw
b) can opener
What is the mechanical advantage of an inclined plane?
a) length divided by height
b) height divided by length
c) length multiplied by height
d) length minus height
a) length divided by height
The point at which a lever pivots is known as…
a) axis
b) fulcrum
c) pivot point
d) center point
What is a good example of a second class lever?
a) hammer claw
b) door knob
c) wheelbarrow
d) hockey stick
c) wheelbarrow
The mechanical advantage of a pulley system can be calculated by the…
a) length of the rope being used
b) thickness of the rope being used
c) number of sections of the rope pulling up on the object
d) number of sections of rope
c) number of sections of the rope pulling up on the object
Work Math
Work (in joules)
—————————-l———————-
force (in newtons) l distance (in m)
Power Math
Power (in watts) = Work (in joules) / Time (in seconds)
Mechanical Advantage Math
Output force
l—————–l
Input force
the amount of force per unit area applied to an object’s surface
pressure
Pressure Math
Pressure (in pascals) = Force (in N) / Area (in sqm)
The ratio of the weight of all the air above you to your surface area
atmospheric pressure
Density Math
Density (in g/cm3) = Mass (in g) / Volume (in cm3)
an upward force applied by a fluid on an object in the fluid.
buoyant force
According to _________________, the weight of the fluid that an object displaces is equal to the buoyant force acting on the object.
Archimedes’ Principle
_______________ states that when pressure is applied to a fluid in a closed container, the pressure increases by the same amount everywhere in the container.
Pascal’s Principle
_______________ states that the pressure of a fluid decreases when the speed of that fluid increases.
Bernoulli’s principle
a force that opposes the motion of an object through a fluid
drag force
The average speed of the grades egg drop capsules
15 feet per second
Energy is the ability to cause…
a) change
b) work
c) power
d) heat
a) change
A bowling ball striking the pins is a good example of what type of energy?
a) Chemical
b) Elastic
c) Potential
d) Kinetic
d) Kinetic
Which is not a form of potential energy?
a) elastic
b) thermal
c) chemical
d) gravitational
b) thermal
The total energy of an object or group of objects due to large-scale motions and interactions is called…
a) radiant energy
b) mechanical energy
c) sound energy
d) electric energy
b) mechanical energy
Which type of energy is the “waste energy” generated when energy is used?
a) thermal energy
b) potential energy
c) radiant energy
d) chemical energy
a) thermal energy
Which renewable energy source is most likely to produce pollutants when used?
a) wind
b) biomass
c) geothermal
d) solar
b) biomass
What energy transformation occurs when brakes are used on a bicycle?
a) elastic to thermal
b) kinetic to thermal
c) thermal to kinetic
d) radiant to thermal
b) kinetic to thermal
Which type of energy is due to the motion of particles within an object?
a) nuclear
b) kinetic
c) thermal
d) radiant
c) thermal
Before you drop a ball, what type of energy is used?
a) chemical
b) kinetic
c) potential
d) elastic
c) potential
When you stretch a rubber band, you are storing another form of potential energy called…
a) kinetic
b) chemical
c) potential
d) elastic
d) elastic
Farenheit to Celcius Math
C = (F - 32)/1.8
Celcius to Farenheit Math
F = (C x 1.8) + 32
the movement of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object
heat
the transfer of thermal energy from one material to another by electromagnetic waves
radiation
the transfer of thermal energy between materials by the collisions of particles
conduction
the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles from one part of a material to another. Only occurs in liquids
convection
a substance that evaporates at a low temperature
coolant
a machine that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy
heat engine
refute
prove a statement or theory to be wrong
substantiate
provide evidence to support or prove the truth of
spurious
not being what it seems to be:false/fake
pragmatic
dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than theoretical considerations
conundrum
a confusing and difficult problem or question
null
having no legal or binding force
assertion
a confident and forceful statement of fact or beleif
inestimable
too great to calculate
fraught
filled with or likely to result in
inconsequential
not important or significant
digression
a temporary departure from the main subject in speech or writing
unmitigated
absolute;unqualified
superficial
existing or occurring at or on the surface
anomaly
something that deviates from what is standard, normal, or expected
brazen
bold and without shame
