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7th grade science > science quarter 2 final > Flashcards

science quarter 2 final Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

a hollow area in sediment in the shape of an organism or part of an organism

A

mold

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1
Q

a difference between individuals of the same species

A

variation

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2
Q

scientists who study fossils

A

paleontologist

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3
Q

the scientific study of how living things are classified

A

taxonomy

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4
Q

the comparison of the structures of different organisms

A

comparative anatomy

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5
Q

the specific environment that provides the things the organism need to liv,e grow, and reproduce.

A

habitat

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6
Q

a hypothesis that proposes that evolution occurs slowly but steadily

A

gradualism

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7
Q

fossils in which minerals replace all or part of an organism

A

petrified fossil

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8
Q

a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment

A

adaptation

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9
Q

the preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past

A

fossil

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10
Q

organisms cells that contain nuclei

A

eukaryote

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11
Q

the gradual change in a species over time

A

evolution

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12
Q

a two part naming system

A

binomial nomenclature

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13
Q

a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring

A

species

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14
Q

organisms whose cells lack a nucleus

A

prokaryote

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15
Q

a hypothesis that proposes that species evolve quickly during relatively short periods

A

punctuated equilibria

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16
Q

when no members of that species are still alive

A

extinct

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17
Q

a solid copy of the shape of an organism

A

cast

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18
Q

a chart that shows probable evolutionary relationships among organisms

A

branching tree diagram

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19
Q

usually a homologous structure, such as a backbone, that is shared by all organisms in a group

A

shared derived characteristic

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20
Q

similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor

A

homologous structures

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21
Q

provide evidence or the activities of ancient organism

A

trace fossil

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22
Q

when individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species

A

natural selection

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23
Q

the process of grouping things based on their similarities

A

classification

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24
Q

a well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations

A

scientific theory

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25
Q

a classification grouping that contains similar, closely related organisms

A

genus

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26
Q

Genes on the x or the Y chromosome

A

Sex-linked genes

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27
Q

A person who has one recessive allele for a trait and one dominant allele

A

Carrier

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28
Q

One of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in each body cell that decide the gender

A

Sex chromosomes

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29
Q

A chart or family tree

A

Pedigree

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30
Q

all the DNA in one cell of an organism

A

Genome

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31
Q

a process which will involve inserting copies of a gene directly into a person’s cells.

A

Gene therapy

32
Q

when genes from one organism are transferred in to the DNA of another organism

A

Genetic engineering

33
Q

involves cross in individuals with similar characteristics

A

Inbreeding

34
Q

An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes

A

Genetic disorder

35
Q

a process in which organisms are selected to be parents of the next generation

A

Selective breeding

36
Q

an organism that has exactly the same traits as the organism from which it was produced

A

Clone

37
Q

a picture of all of the chromosomes in a cell

A

Karyotype

38
Q

when breeders cross two genetically different individuals

A

Hybridization

39
Q

Three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait

A

Multiple alleles

40
Q

an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait

A

Homozygous

41
Q

an organism that has two different alleles for a trait

A

Heterozygous

42
Q

an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait

A

Hybrid

43
Q

an offspring of many generations that have the same trait

A

Purebred

44
Q

a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes, one set from each parent

A

Diploid

45
Q

an organisms genetic makeup or allele combinations

A

Genotype

46
Q

an organisms physical appearance or visible traits

A

Phenotype

47
Q

a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result form a genetic cross

A

Punnett square

48
Q

the different forms of genes

A

Allele

49
Q

the process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to form sex cells, sperm and eggs

A

Meiosis

50
Q

the process in which the egg and sperm join to form a new organism

A

Fertilization

51
Q

the study of heredity

A

Genetics

52
Q

the factors that control a trait

A

Gene

53
Q

when the alleles are neither dominant or recessive and both alleles are expressed in the offspring

A

Codominance

54
Q

another type of RNA that carries amino acids the the ribosome and adds them to the growing protein

A

Transfer RNA

55
Q

is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present

A

Recessive allele

56
Q

a process in which material from two parents combines to produce a new organism which differs from both parents

A

Sexual reproduction

57
Q

The passing of characteristics from parent to offspring

A

Heredity

58
Q

each different form of a characteristic

A

Trait

59
Q

one who’s trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present

A

Dominant allele

60
Q

any change in a gene or chromosome

A

Mutation

61
Q

a material that copies the coded message from the DNA in the nucleus, and carries the message to the ribosome in the cytoplasm

A

Messenger RNA

62
Q

a number that describes how likely it is that a certain event will occur

A

Probability

63
Q

An organism that can make its own food

A

Autotroph

64
Q

An organism that can’t make its own food

A

Heterotroph

65
Q

Small openings on the undersides of leaves

A

Stomata

66
Q

The process by which cells change in structure and become capable of carrying out specialized functions

A

Differentiation

67
Q

The stage when the cells nucleus divides

A

Mitosis

68
Q

When the cell makes an exact copy of the DNA and the nucleus

A

Replication

69
Q

The final stage of the cell cycle when the cytoplasm divides and the organelles are distributed in their new cell

A

Cytokinesis

70
Q

The main photosynthetic pigment in chloroplasts

A

Chlorophyll

71
Q

An undifferentiated cell

A

Stem cell

72
Q

The process before cell division where the cell grows, makes a copy of its DNA, and prepared to divide in to 2 cells

A

Interphase

73
Q

The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo

A

Cell cycle

74
Q

Colored chemical compounds that absorb light

A

Pigment

75
Q

Provides energy for cells without using oxygen

A

Fermentation

76
Q

The threadlike chromatin in the nucleus condenses to form double rod structures called chromosomes

A

Chromosomes

77
Q

The process by which cells obtain energy from glucose

A

Respiration

78
Q

The process by which a cell captures energy from sunlight and uses it to make food

A

Photosynthesis

7th grade science (15 decks)

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