Chapter 9 study guide Flashcards
a tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then multiplies inside a living cell.
virus
a living thing that provides a source of energy for a virus or an organism
host
organisms that live on or in a host and cause it harm
parasite
a virus that infects bacteria
bacteriophage
a substance introduced to the body to stimulate the production of chemicals that destroy specific disease causing viruses and organisms
vaccine
prokaryotes whose genetic material is not contained in a nucleus
bacteria
a long, whiplike structure that helps a cell to move
flagellum
a process in which one cell divides to form two identical cells
binary fission
a reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that is identical to the parent
asexual reproduction
when two parents combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents
sexual reproduction
when one bacterium transfers some genetic material to another bacterium through a threadlike bridge
conjugation
a small, rounded, thick-walled, resting cell that forms inside a bacterial cell
endospore
when food is heated to a high temperature that will kill most bacteria and not change the taste of the food
pasteurization
organisms that break down large chemicals in dead organisms in to small chemicals
decomposer
eukaryotes that cannot be classified as animals, plants, or fungi
protist
can be classified into four groups, based on the way they move and live
protozoan
temporary bulges of the cell
pseudopod
a structure that collects the extra water and then expels it from the cell.
contractile vacuole
hairlike projections from cells that move with a wavelike motion
cilia
a close relationship in which at least one of the species benefits
symbiosis
when both partners benefit from living together
mutualism
another name for plant-like protists
algae
A tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism
spore
Eukaryotes that have cell walls, are heterotrophs that feed by absorbing their food, and use spores to reproduce
fungi
The branching threadlike tubes that make up the bodies of multicellular fungi
hyphae
Reproductive structures
fruiting body
A form of asexual reproduction
budding
Consists of a fungus and either algae or autotrophic bacteria that live together in a mutualistic relationship
lichen
