chapter 3 study guide Flashcards
The ____ _____ states that states- all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and functions in living things, all cells are produced from other cells
Cell theory
Form parts of an organism and carry out all of an organisms processes or functions
Cell
Single-celled organisms
Unicellular
Organisms composed of many cells
Multicellular
A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function
Tissue
Is made up of different kinds of tissues that work together
Organ
A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
Organ system
These carry out specific functions within the cell
Organelle
A rigid layer of non living material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms
Cell wall
Gives cells their shape
Cytoskeleton
Forms the outside boundary that separates the cell from its environment
Cell membrane
The cells control center
Nucleus
The region between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
Cytoplasm
The organelle that converts food in to energy
Mitochondria
Help form proteins and other materials
Endoplasmic reticulum ER
Function as factories to produce proteins
Ribosomes
Receive proteins and other newly formed materials from the ER then package and distribute them to the rest of the cell
Golgi body
Capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food only in plant cells
Chloroplast
The storage areas of the cell
Vacuole
Small round structures containing chemicals that break down certain materials in the cell
Lysosomes
Any substance that can’t be broken down in to simpler substances
Element
When two or more elements chemically combine in an equal ratio
Compound
An energy rich compound made of carbon hydrogen and oxygen and are important components of some cell parts
Carbohydrate
Large organic molecules made of carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen and sometimes sulfur
Protein
20 things that proteins are made of
Amino acids
A type of protein the speeds up a chemical reaction in living things
Enzymes
Energy rich organic compounds made of carbon hydrogen and oxygen and make up most of the cell membrane
Lipid
Very long organic molecules made of carbon oxygen hydrogen nitrogen and phosphorus
Nucleic acids
A type of nucleic acid that is genetic material and is passed down from parents to offspring
DNA
A type of nucleis acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins
RNA
Some substances can pass through the ____ ____ membrane while others can’t
Selectively permeable
When Molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Diffusion
The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
Osmosis
The movement of molecules through a cell membrane without using the cells energy
Passive transport
The movement of materials through a cell membrane using cellular energy
Active transport
A carbon hydrate with 100 or less sugar molecules
Simple carbohydrate
A carbohydrate with over 100 sugar molecules
Complex carbohydrates
Makes up part of DNA, a thread like structure in the nucleus that controls your genetics
Chromatin
A structure inside the necleus that is the cells control center
Nucleolus
