Chapter 14 study guide Flashcards
carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells
Cardiovascular system
a hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body
heart
the upper chambers of the heart that receives blood
atrium
sends out signals that make the heart muscle contract
pacemaker
the lower chambers that pump blood out of the heart
ventricle
a flap of tissue that prevents blood from flowing backward
valve
blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
artery
tiny narrow vessels where materials are exchanged between the blood and the body cells
capillary
blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
vein
the largest artery in the body
aorta
carry blood into the heart
coronary artery
caused by the alternating expansion and relaxation of the artery wall
pulse
the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
diffusion
force per unit area
pressure
a force that blood exerts against the walls of the blood vessels
blood pressure
the liquid part of the blood
plasma
take up oxygen in the lungs and deliver it to cells elsewhere in the body
red blood cell
an iron-containing protein that chemically binds to oxygen molecules
hemoglobin
the body’s disease fighters
white blood cell
cell fragments that play an important part in forming blood clots
platelet
the failure of the circulatory system to provide adequate supply of oxygen-rich blood to all parts of the body
shock
a network of veinlike vessels that returns the fluid to the bloodstream
lymphatic system
consists of water as dissolved materials, such as glucose
lymph
filter lymph, which traps bacteria and other disease causing microorganisms in the fluid
lymph node
the process in which oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical reactions inside cells
respiration
a thick, sticky liquid that moistens air and keeps the lining from drying out.
mucus
tiny, hairlike extensions that move together in a sweeping motion
cilia
the throat
pharynx
the windpipe
trachea
the passages that direct air to the lungs
bronchi
the main organs of the reparatory system
lungs
tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood
alveoli
a large, dome-shaped muscle that plays an important role in breathing
diaphragm
the voice box
larynx
folds of connective tissue that produce your voice
vocal chords
a condition in which an artery wall thickens as a result of the buildup of fatty materials
atherosclerosis
occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked
heart attack
high blood pressure
hypertension
the death of brain tissue that can result when a blood vessel in the brain is either blocked by a clot or bursts
stroke
a serious disease that destroys lung tissue and causes breathing difficulties
emphysema
an irritation of the breathing passages in which the small passages become narrower than normal and may be clogged with mucus
bronchitis
a disorder in which the airways and lungs narrow significantly
asthma
occurs when there is insufficient gas exchange in the lungs
suffocation
an infection that causes fluid to collect in the alveoli, decreasing the lungs’ ability to take in and remove carbon dioxide.
pneumonia
