Chapter 12 study guide Flashcards
all members of phylum Choradata
chordate
a flexible rod that supports a chordate’s back
notochord
bones that form the backbone
vertebrate
an animal whose body does not produce much internal heat
ectotherm
an animal whose body regulates its own temperature by controlling the internal heat it produces
endotherm
a vertebrate that lives in water and uses fins to move
fish
a tissue that is more flexible than bone
cartilage
an internal, gas-filled sac that helps the fish stay stable at different depths in the water
swim bladder
a vertebrate that is ectothermic and spends its early life in water
amphibian
the larva of a frog or a toad
tadpole
organs of air-breathing vertebrates in which oxygen moves from the air into the blood
lung
the two upper chambers of the heart that receive blood
atria
the two lower chambers of the heart which pumps blood out to the lungs and body
ventricle
the environment in which an animal lives
habitat
an ectothermic vertebrate that has lungs and scaly skin
reptile
organs that filter waste from the blood
kidneys
a watery fluid waste
urine
an egg with a shell and internal membranes that keep the embryo moist
amniotic egg
an ectothermic vertebrate that had feathers and a four chambered heart and lays eggs
bird
one of the large feathers that give shape to a bird’s body
contour feather
short, fluffy, feathers that specialized to trap heat and keep the bird warm
down feather
a place for storing food inside the birds body
crop
a thick-walled, muscular part of the stomach that grinds food
gizzard
endothermic vertebrates that have a four-chambered heart and skin covered with fur or hair. Most are born alive, and young are fed with their mother’s milk.
mammal
organs that mother mammals have to produce milk for their young
mammary gland
a large muscle that helps mammals to breathe
diaphragm
egg-laying mammals
monotreme
mammals whose young are born at an early stage of development and they usually continue to develop in a pouch on their mother
marsupial
the time between fertilization and birth
gestation period
a mammal that develops inside its mothers body until its body systems can function independently
placental mammal
an organ in pregnant female mammals that passes between the mother and the developing embryo
placenta
