chapter 5 stidy guide vocab

Question 1

The passing of characteristics from parent to offspring

Answer 1

Heredity

Question 2

each different form of a characteristic

Answer 2

Trait

Question 3

the study of heredity

Answer 3

Genetics

Question 4

the process in which the egg and sperm join to form a new organism

Answer 4

Fertilization

Question 5

an offspring of many generations that have the same trait

Answer 5

Purebred

Question 6

the factors that control a trait

Answer 6

Gene

Question 7

the different forms of genes

Answer 7

Allele

Question 8

one who’s trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present

Answer 8

Dominant allele

Question 9

is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present

Answer 9

Recessive allele

Question 10

an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait

Answer 10

Hybrid

Question 11

a number that describes how likely it is that a certain event will occur

Answer 11

Probability

Question 12

a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result form a genetic cross

Answer 12

Punnett square

Question 13

an organisms physical appearance or visible traits

Answer 13

Phenotype

Question 14

an organisms genetic makeup or allele combinations

Answer 14

Genotype

Question 15

an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait

Answer 15

Homozygous

Question 16

a process in which material from two parents combines to produce a new organism which differs from both parents

Answer 16

Sexual reproduction

Question 16

an organism that has two different alleles for a trait

Answer 16

Heterozygous

Question 18

when the alleles are neither dominant or recessive and both alleles are expressed in the offspring

Answer 18

Codominance

Question 19

a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes, one set from each parent

Answer 19

Diploid

Question 20

the process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to form sex cells, sperm and eggs

Answer 20

Meiosis

Question 21

a material that copies the coded message from the DNA in the nucleus, and carries the message to the ribosome in the cytoplasm

Answer 21

Messenger RNA

Question 22

another type of RNA that carries amino acids the the ribosome and adds them to the growing protein

Answer 22

Transfer RNA

Question 23

any change in a gene or chromosome

Answer 23

Mutation