chapter 5 stidy guide vocab Flashcards
The passing of characteristics from parent to offspring
Heredity
each different form of a characteristic
Trait
the study of heredity
Genetics
the process in which the egg and sperm join to form a new organism
Fertilization
an offspring of many generations that have the same trait
Purebred
the factors that control a trait
Gene
the different forms of genes
Allele
one who’s trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present
Dominant allele
is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present
Recessive allele
an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait
Hybrid
a number that describes how likely it is that a certain event will occur
Probability
a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result form a genetic cross
Punnett square
an organisms physical appearance or visible traits
Phenotype
an organisms genetic makeup or allele combinations
Genotype
an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
Homozygous
a process in which material from two parents combines to produce a new organism which differs from both parents
Sexual reproduction
an organism that has two different alleles for a trait
Heterozygous
when the alleles are neither dominant or recessive and both alleles are expressed in the offspring
Codominance
a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes, one set from each parent
Diploid
the process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to form sex cells, sperm and eggs
Meiosis
a material that copies the coded message from the DNA in the nucleus, and carries the message to the ribosome in the cytoplasm
Messenger RNA
another type of RNA that carries amino acids the the ribosome and adds them to the growing protein
Transfer RNA
any change in a gene or chromosome
Mutation
