Schizophrenia: Token Economies in the management of Schizophrenia (KR) Flashcards

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1
Q

How is token economy used in SZ?

A

as a management technique

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2
Q

What management techniques are used for SZ?

A

Token Economy

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3
Q

Where is token economy used?

A

institutions such as psychiatric hospitals

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4
Q

Which approach does token economy use?

A

Behaviourist approach

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5
Q

Which principles of the behaviourist approach are used to create token economy?

A

Operant conditioning

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6
Q

Why would token economy need to be used with those who have been institutionalised?

A

they have developed maladaptive behaviour

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7
Q

Give an example of maladaptive behaviour a SZ patient may have developed from being institutionalised?

A

Bad hygiene or lack of communication

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8
Q

bad hygiene or lack of communication are examples of what?

A

maladaptive behaviour

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9
Q

What is the aim of token economy?

A

to change patients behaviour so they are easier to manage

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10
Q

Aside from managing behaviour, what is another aim of token economy?

A

to provide a better quality of life and enable them to live outside the hospital

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11
Q

What could operant conditioning use to manage Sz?

A

Postive reinforcement

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12
Q

Outline positive reinforcement?

A

Doing a behaviour to recieve a positive outcome i.e. reward

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13
Q

How do we use positive reinforcement to manage SZ?

A

give a patient a reward for completing desirable behaviour

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14
Q

give examples of desirable behaviour in a hospital?

A

good hygiene, good communication, taking medication

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15
Q

What issues might hospital face when handing out direct reinforment?

A

They may not catch the behaviour in time so the patient doesn’t associate the behaviour with the reward

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16
Q

How could psychologists avoid the issues with using direct reinforcement?

A

Use tokens as secondary reinforcement that the patient can trade in for a reward

17
Q

Briefly bullet point the steps of token economy

A
  1. complete the behaviour
  2. recieve a token
  3. exchange the token for reward
18
Q

What do tokens act as?

A

secondary reinforcers

19
Q

when do tokens have to be given?

A

immediately after the behaviour has been completed

20
Q

Can tokens just be used by them selves? and if not why?

A

No, the tokens are not rewarding by themselves

21
Q

Who conducted research to support for token economy?

A

Dickerson et al (2005)

22
Q

What did dickerson et al use to research token economy?

A

a meta analysis of 13 studies

23
Q

What was Dickerson et al find in his meta analysis of token economy studies?

A

that token economy was useful in increasing adaptive behaviour

24
Q

Therefore what does Dickerson et al’s research do to the use of token economy?

A

increases the credibility of token economy