Schizophrenia And Spectrum Disorders Flashcards
What is the duration of brief psychotic disorder?
1 day to 1 month
What is the duration of schizophreniform disorder?
> 1 month but <6 months
What type of hallucinations usually occur in schizophrenia
Auditory
Others (visual, olfactory, gustatory, tactile) = substance (esp cocaine with tactile) or medical cause (esp epilepsy aura) until proven otherwise
Name 8 content specifiers for delusional disorder
- Erotomatic type (important person loves/cares)
- Grandiose type
- Jealous type
- Persecutory type(believe others want to harm him)
- Somatic type
- Mixed type
- Unspecified type eg Capgra’s (familiar belief/person replaced by imposter), Fregoli’s (familiar person can change form)
- With bizarre content
Schizophrenia age of onset for genders?
Male: 10-25 years
Female: 25-35 years, 2nd peak in middle age
After 45= late onset schizophrenia
Name 10 risk factors of a schizophrenic patient at risk of suicide.
- Young
- White
- Male
- Unmarried
- Excessive treatment dependant
- Good pre-morbid function
- Substance abuse
8-awareness of illness - Loss in faith of treatment
- Fear of further mental deterioration
Etc
Which hormone and anatomical regions are. suspected to be involved positive and negative symptoms of in schizophrenia? ( 4)
Dopamine.
Positive symptoms by hyperactivity da pathways in limbic and mesolimbic areas
Negative by hypoactivity in prefrontal and neocortical pathways
Also involvement, glutamate, na, 5ht
Name and describe the 4 neurodevelopmental stages of schizophrenia
1 risk: genetic, environmental, subtle behavioural changes
- prodrome: changes in thoughts, social isolation, impaired functioning
- Onset of psychosis: positive, negative, cognitive symptoms
- Chronic disability stage: psych deficits, unemployed, homeless, incarceration, 7% suicide rate, obesity and smoking
Dsm-5 criteria for schizophrenia? (8)
1. 2 or more of the following symptoms of which at least 1 is the first 3. Must be present for at least 1 month • delusions • hallucinations • Disorganised speech • disorganised or catatonic behaviour • Negative symptoms 2. Continuous disturbance for 6 months (attenuated, residual symptoms ) 3. Social or occupational dysfunction
Name 10 good prognostic factors for schizophrenia
- Late age onset
- Obvious precip factors
- Acute onset
- Good premorbid, social, sexual and work study
- Mood disorder symptoms
- Married
- Family history mood disorder
8- good support system - Positive symptoms
- No neurological signs and symptoms, no perinatal trauma, remission in 3 years
Clinical features of schizotypal personality disorder? (5)
• Pervasive pattern since childhood • eccentric, magical thinking • odd beliefs • excessive social anxiety • odd eccentric behaviour/appearance Malignant! Most likely personality disorder to move to psychiatric disorder or syndrome Frank psychosis absent
Clinical features schizoid personality disorder?
Think of Mr robot
• No interest in having relationships
• reclusive to self, “loner”
• usually work night jobs
How is delusional disorder diagnosed? (5) (time, criteria, functioning, onset, mood symptoms)
- Non-bizarre delusions for more than 1 month
- criteria A for schizophrenia never met
- functioning not markedly impaired, behaviour not odd or bizarre
- insidious (gradual) onset
- if mood episodes have occurred with delusions, they’ve been brief.
How is schizo affective disorder diagnosed? (3)
- Uninterrupted period of illness with mde/ manic episode/ mixed episode (aka mood episode), and concurrent with criteria A for schizophrenia
- Period of delusions and hallucinations for 2 weeks in absence of prominent mood symptoms
- mood episode present for substantial portion of total duration illness, > 50%
Brief psychotic disorder criteria A
Presence of one or more, at least 1 must be 1,2 or 3
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganised speech eg frequent derailment, incoherence
- Grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour
