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Psychiatry > Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Personality Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Which personality disorders are included in cluster A? (3)

A

“Mad”
• paranoid personality disorder
• Schizoid personality disorder
• schizotypal personality disorder

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2
Q

What are 2 features of normal personality?

A

Flexible and adaptive

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3
Q

What is normal personality functioning influenced by? (6)

A 
1 Self functioning
• Identity domain
• self-direction domain
2. Interpersonal functioning
• empathy domain
• intimacy domain
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4
Q

Which maladaptive personality trait presents with negative emotions that are frequent and intense?

A

Negative affectivity

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5
Q

Which maladaptive personality trait presents with avoidance of socio-emotional experiences?

A

Detachment

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6
Q

Which maladaptive personality trait presents with behaviours that put the individual at odds with other people?

A

Antagonism

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7
Q

Which maladaptive personality trait presents with orientation towards immediate gratification?

A

Disinhibition

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8
Q

Which maladaptive personality trait presents with wide range of culturally incongruent, odd, eccentric, unusual behaviours and cognition?

A

Psychoticism

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9
Q

Criteria a of general personality disorder? (Patterns of experience and behaviour) (4)

A 
An enduring pattern of behaviour and inner expenience that deviates markedly from expectations of culture. Pattern manifested in 2 or more of following areas:
1. Cognition
2. Affectivity
3. Interpersonal functioning
4- impulse control
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10
Q

Criteria B of general personality disorder? (flexibility)

A

Enduring pattern is inflexible and pervasive across broad range of personal and social situations

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11
Q

Criteria D of general personality disorder? (onset and duration )

A

Pattern is stable and of long duration and onset can be traced back at least to early adolescence or childhood

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12
Q

Which personality disorders are included in cluster b? (4)

A 
"Bad"
Antisocial
Borderline
Narcissistic
Histrionic
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13
Q

Which personality disorders are included in cluster c? (3)

A

“Sad”
• avoidant
• dependent
• obsessive-compulsive

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14
Q

Which personality disorder is characterised by a pattern of distrust and suspiciousness such that others’ motives are interpreted as malevolent?

A

Paranoid personality disorder

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15
Q

Paranoid personality disorder vs psychotic disorders?

A

Reality testing still intact in paranoid personality disorder

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16
Q

Which personality disorder is characterised by a pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression

A

Schizoid personality disorder

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17
Q

Schizoid vs avoidant personality disorder?

A

Schizoid has no motivation for relationships

Avoidant desire relationships but have extreme anxiety regarding initiating socialisation

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18
Q

Which personality disorder is characterised by a pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behaviour?

A

Schizotypal personality disorder

Have lost sense of who they are and have confused boundaries between self and others.

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19
Q

Name the 5 malignant personality disorders

A
  • Schizotypal
  • borderline
  • antisocial
  • histrionic
  • narcissistic
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20
Q

Which personality disorder is characterised by a pattern of disregard for, and violation of rights of others? Need to be in power and lack remorse and are over 18

A

Antisocial personality disorder

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21
Q

Which disorder is characterised by a pattern of disregard for, and violation of rights of others and lack of empathy before age 18?

A

Conduct disorder

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22
Q

Which personality disorder is characterised by a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self- image, affects and marked impulsivity? Over-idealization and devaluation also.

A

Borderline personality disorder

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23
Q

Name the 9 possible presentations of borderline personality disorder

A

I DESPAIR

5 or more:

  1. Identity disturbance: markedly and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self
  2. Dyshoria - Affective instability due to marked reactivity of mood eg intense episodic dysphoria, irritability, anxiety usually lasting few hours and rarely more than few days
  3. Emptiness: Chronic feelings emptiness
  4. suicidal behavior, gestures, threats, self-mutilating behaviour Recurrent
  5. paranoid ideation Transient, stress related or severe dissociative symptoms
  6. anger Inappropriate, intense or difficulty controlling anger
  7. Impulsivity in at least 2 areas that are potentiallyself damaging eg spending, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating
  8. Relationships: Pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation
    Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment
24
Q

Which personality disorder is characterised by a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking?

A

Histrionic personality disorder

25
Q

Which personality disorder is at high risk of non- suicidal injury?

A

Borderline

26
Q

What ego defense is used by borderline personality disorder?

A

Splitting ie over- idealization and devaluation

27
Q

Which personality disorder is characterised by a pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, attention seeking, lack empathy

A

Narcissistic

28
Q

Which personality disorder is characterised by a pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitive to negative evaluation due to poor self esteem?

A

Avoidant

29
Q

Which personality disorder is characterised by a pattern of submissive and clinging behaviour related to an excessive need to be taken care of? Other’s’ needs always come first

A

Dependent

30
Q

Which personality disorder are children with separation anxiety disorder at risk of?

A

Dependant

31
Q

Which personality disorder is characterised by a pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism and control?

A

Obsessive-compulsive

32
Q

Ocd vs ocpd?

A

Ocd ego dystonic

Ocpd ego-syntonic

33
Q

Treatment for borderline personality disorder?

A

Dialectical behaviour therapy to break cycle of problem behaviours to avoid emotional distress

34
Q

Name 8 criteria of histrionic personality disorder

A

Pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality + attention seeking, 5 or more:

ACTRESSS

  • appearance used to draw attention
  • centre of attention , uncomfortable when not
  • theatricality, exaggerated expression of emotion, Self dramatisation,
  • relationships considered to be to be more intimate than they actually are
  • easily influenced
  • style of speech excessively impressionistic + lacking detail
  • shallow, rapidly shifting expression of emotions
  • sexually seductive/provocative
35
Q

How long must symptoms be present if personality disorder diagnosed before 18

A

> 1 year

36
Q

Name 7 presentations of paranoid personality disorder

A

4 or more

SUSPECT

  • suspect without sufficient basis that others exploiting /harming / deceiving
  • unforgiving: grudges
  • spousal infidelity: suspicious about fidelity of spouse
  • perceives attacks on character / reputation not apparent to others, quick to react angrily / counterattack
  • enemies or Friends? reluctant to confide in others because of unwarranted fear that info will be used maliciously
  • confiding in others feared: unjustified doubts about loyalty/trustworthiness of friends/associates
  • threatening /demeaning meanings interpreted in benign remarks/events
37
Q

Name 7 features (criteria A) of schizoid personality disorder

A

4 or more:

DISTANT

  • detached or flat affect, emotionally cold
  • indifferent to praise/criticism of others
  • sex : no interest
  • tasks done solitarily
  • absence of close relationships, including being part of family
  • no friends/confidants other than first degree relatives
  • takes pleasure in few activities
38
Q

Name 9 features (criteria A) of schizotypal personality disorder

A

5 or more

ME PECULIAR

  • magical thinking /odd beliefs
  • experiences unusual perceptions, including body illusions
  • paranoid ideation / suspicious
  • eccentric/odd/ peculiar behaviour/appearance
  • constricted / Inappropriate affect
  • unusual, odd thinking + speech eg vague, circumstantial, metaphorical, overelaborate, stereotypes
  • lack close friends /confidants other than first degree relatives
  • ideas of reference (not delusions )
  • anxiety: excessive, social that doesn’t diminish with familiarity, tend to be associated with paRanoid fears rather than negative judgements about self
39
Q

Name 4 differences bipolar vs borderline

A
  • 2 phases: manic and depressive vs splitting or black and while thinking episodes
  • not much related to life events vs strong association
  • Impulsive only during mood episode vs chronic impulsivity
  • distinct mood episodes lasting weeks vs mood swings in day
  • stable self image outside of episodes vs persistent instability in self image + feelings of emptiness
  • relationships may be affected during episodes vs chronic fear abandonment, intense+ unstable
40
Q

Name 7 features (criteria A) of avoidant personality disorder

A

4 or more:

CRINGES

  • criticized / rejected preoccupations in social situations
  • restraint in intimate relationships. Fear of being shamed/ridiculed
  • inhibited in new interpersonal situations -feeling of inadequacy
  • needs to be certain of being liked otherwise unwilling to get involved with people
  • gets around occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact- fears of criticism, disapproval, rejection
  • embarrassment prevents personal risks/ engage in new activities
  • self view as socially inept, personally unappealing, inferior
41
Q

Name 8 features (criteria A) of dependent personality disorder

A

5 or more

RELIANCE

  • reassurance + advice required for making everyday decisions
  • expressing disagreement difficult - fear loss of support /approval
  • life responsibilities assumed by others for most major areas of life
  • Initiating projects/ doing things on own difficult (no confidence )
  • alone : feel uncomfortable/helpless when alone - exaggerated fears of being unable to care for self
  • nurturance + support obtained by excessive lengths, even volunteer to do unpleasant things,
  • companionship: urgently seek another relationship as source care + support when close relationship ends
  • exaggerated fears of being left to take care of self
42
Q

Name 8 features (criteria A) of obsessive - compulsive personality disorder

A

4 or more:

POISED DR

  • perfectionism that interferes with task completion
  • organization/schedules / details/ rules/lists/order preoccupies life - major point of activity lost
  • inflexible, overconscientious, scrupulous about morals/ ethics / values
  • spending style miserly toward self + others - money for future
  • excessively devoted to work + productivity to exclusion of leisure activities+ friendships
  • discard worn-out / worthless objects difficult, even when no sentiment
  • delegate tasks / work with others difficult unless its done their way
  • rigid + stubborn
43
Q

Name 4 domains that influence general personality functioning

A

Self-functioning

  • identity domain: sense of self, self-esteem, emotional range + regulation
  • self direction domain: goals, self reflection

Interpersonal functioning

  • empathy domain: tolerance of differences, understand + appreciate other perspectives
  • Intimacy domain: able to engage in reciprocal behaviour, desire + capacityfor closeras
44
Q

Name 5 defence mechanisms

A

IN MOP

  • Immature: acting out, idealisation, devaluation, sexualisation, somatisation, withdrawal
  • neurotic: rationalisation, intellectualisation, introjection, reaction formation
  • mature: suppression, humour
  • other: work, substances
  • primitive: denial, projection, splitting, omnipotent control
45
Q

Name 2 defence mechanisms in paranoid personality disorder

A

Primitive defence mechanisms:

  • Projection!
  • denial
46
Q

Name 2 defence mechanisms in schizoid personality disorder

A
  • Withdrawal ! (immature )
  • intellectualisation (neurotic)
47
Q

Name 2 defence mechanisms in antisocial personality disorder

A

Primitive

  • omnipotent control
  • acting out
48
Q

Name 3 defence mechanisms in borderline personality disorder

A

Primitive:

  • splitting
  • acting out
  • denial, projection
49
Q

Name 2 defence mechanisms in histrionic personality disorder

A
  • Sexualisation! (Immature)
  • exhibitionism (secure attention + favours)
50
Q

Name 2 defence mechanisms in narcissistic personality disorder

A

Immature:

  • Idealisation
  • devaluation
51
Q

Name 2 defence mechanisms in avoidant personality disorder

A

Immature:

  • withdrawal!
  • fantasy
52
Q

Name 2 defence mechanisms in dependent personality disorder

A

Neurotic:

  • introjection
  • turning on self
53
Q

Name 4 types of psychotherapy useful in personality disorders

A
  • Psychodynamic+ psychoanalytical
  • Cbt
  • mentalisation based therapy (think about thinking, make sense of it)
  • dialectical behaviour therapy (mindfullness, acceptance)
  • group therapy
54
Q

Name 9 traits (criteria A) of narcissistic personality disorder

A

Need 5+:

GRANDIOSE

  • grandiose
  • require excessive admiration
  • arrogant
  • needs to be special /superior + associate with other specials
  • Dreams of success, power, beauty
  • inter personally exploitative
  • others: lack empathy, can’t recognise others’ feelings/needs
  • sense of entitlement
  • envious (fragile sense of self), or thinks others envious
55
Q

Name 7 characteristics (criteria A) of antisocial personality disorder

A

3+:

CORRUPT

  • can’t conform to law
  • obligations ignored - irresponsible
  • reckless disregard for safety
  • remorseless
  • underhanded / deceitful
  • planning insufficient - impulsive
  • temper - irritable + aggressive
56
Q

Name 3 personality disorders not part of the clusters

A
  • Personality change due to “AMC”
  • other specified personality disorder
  • unspecified personality disorder

No drug/substance induced!

Psychiatry (31 decks)

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