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Personality Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Which personality disorders are included in cluster A? (3)

A

“Mad”
• paranoid personality disorder
• Schizoid personality disorder
• schizotypal personality disorder

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2
Q

What are 2 features of normal personality?

A

Flexible and adaptive

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3
Q

What is normal personality functioning influenced by? (6)

A 
1 Self functioning
• Identity domain
• self-direction domain
2. Interpersonal functioning
• empathy domain
• intimacy domain
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4
Q

Which maladaptive personality trait presents with negative emotions that are frequent and intense?

A

Negative affectivity

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5
Q

Which maladaptive personality trait presents with avoidance of socio-emotional experiences?

A

Detachment

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6
Q

Which maladaptive personality trait presents with behaviours that put the individual at odds with other people?

A

Antagonism

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7
Q

Which maladaptive personality trait presents with orientation towards immediate gratification?

A

Disinhibition

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8
Q

Which maladaptive personality trait presents with wide range of culturally incongruent, odd, eccentric, unusual behaviours and cognition?

A

Psychoticism

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9
Q

Criteria a of general personality disorder? (Patterns of experience and behaviour) (4)

A 
An enduring pattern of behaviour and inner expenience that deviates markedly from expectations of culture. Pattern manifested in 2 or more of following areas:
1. Cognition
2. Affectivity
3. Interpersonal functioning
4- impulse control
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10
Q

Criteria B of general personality disorder? (flexibility)

A

Enduring pattern is inflexible and pervasive across broad range of personal and social situations

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11
Q

Criteria D of general personality disorder? (onset and duration )

A

Pattern is stable and of long duration and onset can be traced back at least to early adolescence or childhood

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12
Q

Which personality disorders are included in cluster b? (4)

A 
"Bad"
Antisocial
Borderline
Narcissistic
Histrionic
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13
Q

Which personality disorders are included in cluster c? (3)

A

“Sad”
• avoidant
• dependent
• obsessive-compulsive

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14
Q

Which personality disorder is characterised by a pattern of distrust and suspiciousness such that others’ motives are interpreted as malevolent?

A

Paranoid personality disorder

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15
Q

Paranoid personality disorder vs psychotic disorders?

A

Reality testing still intact in paranoid personality disorder

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16
Q

Which personality disorder is characterised by a pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression

A

Schizoid personality disorder

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17
Q

Schizoid vs avoidant personality disorder?

A

Schizoid has no motivation for relationships

Avoidant desire relationships but have extreme anxiety regarding initiating socialisation

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18
Q

Which personality disorder is characterised by a pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behaviour?

A

Schizotypal personality disorder

Have lost sense of who they are and have confused boundaries between self and others.

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19
Q

Name the 5 malignant personality disorders

A
  • Schizotypal
  • borderline
  • antisocial
  • histrionic
  • narcissistic
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20
Q

Which personality disorder is characterised by a pattern of disregard for, and violation of rights of others? Need to be in power and lack remorse and are over 18

A

Antisocial personality disorder

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21
Q

Which disorder is characterised by a pattern of disregard for, and violation of rights of others and lack of empathy before age 18?

A

Conduct disorder

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22
Q

Which personality disorder is characterised by a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self- image, affects and marked impulsivity? Over-idealization and devaluation also.

A

Borderline personality disorder

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23
Q

Name the 9 possible presentations of borderline personality disorder

A

I DESPAIR

5 or more:

  1. Identity disturbance: markedly and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self
  2. Dyshoria - Affective instability due to marked reactivity of mood eg intense episodic dysphoria, irritability, anxiety usually lasting few hours and rarely more than few days
  3. Emptiness: Chronic feelings emptiness
  4. suicidal behavior, gestures, threats, self-mutilating behaviour Recurrent
  5. paranoid ideation Transient, stress related or severe dissociative symptoms
  6. anger Inappropriate, intense or difficulty controlling anger
  7. Impulsivity in at least 2 areas that are potentiallyself damaging eg spending, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating
  8. Relationships: Pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation
    Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment
24
Q

Which personality disorder is characterised by a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking?

A

Histrionic personality disorder

25
Which personality disorder is at high risk of non- suicidal injury?
Borderline
26
What ego defense is used by borderline personality disorder?
Splitting ie over- idealization and devaluation
27
Which personality disorder is characterised by a pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, attention seeking, lack empathy
Narcissistic
28
Which personality disorder is characterised by a pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitive to negative evaluation due to poor self esteem?
Avoidant
29
Which personality disorder is characterised by a pattern of submissive and clinging behaviour related to an excessive need to be taken care of? Other's' needs always come first
Dependent
30
Which personality disorder are children with separation anxiety disorder at risk of?
Dependant
31
Which personality disorder is characterised by a pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism and control?
Obsessive-compulsive
32
Ocd vs ocpd?
Ocd ego dystonic | Ocpd ego-syntonic
33
Treatment for borderline personality disorder?
Dialectical behaviour therapy to break cycle of problem behaviours to avoid emotional distress
34
Name 8 criteria of histrionic personality disorder
Pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality + attention seeking, 5 or more: ACTRESSS - appearance used to draw attention - centre of attention , uncomfortable when not - theatricality, exaggerated expression of emotion, Self dramatisation, - relationships considered to be to be more intimate than they actually are - easily influenced - style of speech excessively impressionistic + lacking detail - shallow, rapidly shifting expression of emotions - sexually seductive/provocative
35
How long must symptoms be present if personality disorder diagnosed before 18
>1 year
36
Name 7 presentations of paranoid personality disorder
4 or more SUSPECT - suspect without sufficient basis that others exploiting /harming / deceiving - unforgiving: grudges - spousal infidelity: suspicious about fidelity of spouse - perceives attacks on character / reputation not apparent to others, quick to react angrily / counterattack - enemies or Friends? reluctant to confide in others because of unwarranted fear that info will be used maliciously - confiding in others feared: unjustified doubts about loyalty/trustworthiness of friends/associates - threatening /demeaning meanings interpreted in benign remarks/events
37
Name 7 features (criteria A) of schizoid personality disorder
4 or more: DISTANT - detached or flat affect, emotionally cold - indifferent to praise/criticism of others - sex : no interest - tasks done solitarily - absence of close relationships, including being part of family - no friends/confidants other than first degree relatives - takes pleasure in few activities
38
Name 9 features (criteria A) of schizotypal personality disorder
5 or more ME PECULIAR - magical thinking /odd beliefs - experiences unusual perceptions, including body illusions - paranoid ideation / suspicious - eccentric/odd/ peculiar behaviour/appearance - constricted / Inappropriate affect - unusual, odd thinking + speech eg vague, circumstantial, metaphorical, overelaborate, stereotypes - lack close friends /confidants other than first degree relatives - ideas of reference (not delusions ) - anxiety: excessive, social that doesn't diminish with familiarity, tend to be associated with paRanoid fears rather than negative judgements about self
39
Name 4 differences bipolar vs borderline
- 2 phases: manic and depressive vs splitting or black and while thinking episodes - not much related to life events vs strong association - Impulsive only during mood episode vs chronic impulsivity - distinct mood episodes lasting weeks vs mood swings in day - stable self image outside of episodes vs persistent instability in self image + feelings of emptiness - relationships may be affected during episodes vs chronic fear abandonment, intense+ unstable
40
Name 7 features (criteria A) of avoidant personality disorder
4 or more: CRINGES - criticized / rejected preoccupations in social situations - restraint in intimate relationships. Fear of being shamed/ridiculed - inhibited in new interpersonal situations -feeling of inadequacy - needs to be certain of being liked otherwise unwilling to get involved with people - gets around occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact- fears of criticism, disapproval, rejection - embarrassment prevents personal risks/ engage in new activities - self view as socially inept, personally unappealing, inferior
41
Name 8 features (criteria A) of dependent personality disorder
5 or more RELIANCE - reassurance + advice required for making everyday decisions - expressing disagreement difficult - fear loss of support /approval - life responsibilities assumed by others for most major areas of life - Initiating projects/ doing things on own difficult (no confidence ) - alone : feel uncomfortable/helpless when alone - exaggerated fears of being unable to care for self - nurturance + support obtained by excessive lengths, even volunteer to do unpleasant things, - companionship: urgently seek another relationship as source care + support when close relationship ends - exaggerated fears of being left to take care of self
42
Name 8 features (criteria A) of obsessive - compulsive personality disorder
4 or more: POISED DR - perfectionism that interferes with task completion - organization/schedules / details/ rules/lists/order preoccupies life - major point of activity lost - inflexible, overconscientious, scrupulous about morals/ ethics / values - spending style miserly toward self + others - money for future - excessively devoted to work + productivity to exclusion of leisure activities+ friendships - discard worn-out / worthless objects difficult, even when no sentiment - delegate tasks / work with others difficult unless its done their way - rigid + stubborn
43
Name 4 domains that influence general personality functioning
Self-functioning - identity domain: sense of self, self-esteem, emotional range + regulation - self direction domain: goals, self reflection Interpersonal functioning - empathy domain: tolerance of differences, understand + appreciate other perspectives - Intimacy domain: able to engage in reciprocal behaviour, desire + capacityfor closeras
44
Name 5 defence mechanisms
IN MOP - Immature: acting out, idealisation, devaluation, sexualisation, somatisation, withdrawal - neurotic: rationalisation, intellectualisation, introjection, reaction formation - mature: suppression, humour - other: work, substances - primitive: denial, projection, splitting, omnipotent control
45
Name 2 defence mechanisms in paranoid personality disorder
Primitive defence mechanisms: - Projection! - denial
46
Name 2 defence mechanisms in schizoid personality disorder
- Withdrawal ! (immature ) - intellectualisation (neurotic)
47
Name 2 defence mechanisms in antisocial personality disorder
Primitive - omnipotent control - acting out
48
Name 3 defence mechanisms in borderline personality disorder
Primitive: - splitting - acting out - denial, projection
49
Name 2 defence mechanisms in histrionic personality disorder
- Sexualisation! (Immature) - exhibitionism (secure attention + favours)
50
Name 2 defence mechanisms in narcissistic personality disorder
Immature: - Idealisation - devaluation
51
Name 2 defence mechanisms in avoidant personality disorder
Immature: - withdrawal! - fantasy
52
Name 2 defence mechanisms in dependent personality disorder
Neurotic: - introjection - turning on self
53
Name 4 types of psychotherapy useful in personality disorders
- Psychodynamic+ psychoanalytical - Cbt - mentalisation based therapy (think about thinking, make sense of it) - dialectical behaviour therapy (mindfullness, acceptance) - group therapy
54
Name 9 traits (criteria A) of narcissistic personality disorder
Need 5+: GRANDIOSE - grandiose - require excessive admiration - arrogant - needs to be special /superior + associate with other specials - Dreams of success, power, beauty - inter personally exploitative - others: lack empathy, can't recognise others' feelings/needs - sense of entitlement - envious (fragile sense of self), or thinks others envious
55
Name 7 characteristics (criteria A) of antisocial personality disorder
3+: CORRUPT - can't conform to law - obligations ignored - irresponsible - reckless disregard for safety - remorseless - underhanded / deceitful - planning insufficient - impulsive - temper - irritable + aggressive
56
Name 3 personality disorders not part of the clusters
- Personality change due to "AMC" - other specified personality disorder - unspecified personality disorder No drug/substance induced!

Psychiatry (31 decks)

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