Scapular Region and Shoulder Joint

Question 1

What does the pectoral girdle consist of?

Answer 1

The Clavicle, Scapula, and Thorax The girdle is a set of bones that connect the upper limb to the axial skeleton

Question 2

What are the joints involved in the shoulder?

Answer 2

Sternoclavicular joint

acromioclavicular joint

scapulothoracic joint

Glenohumeral joint

Question 3

What ligament is responsible for the bony underside of the clavicle?

Answer 3

The coricoclavicular ligament - super strong - so strong that you’re more likely to break the bone

Question 4

What is the anatomical purpose of the clavicle?

Answer 4

Clavicle acts as a strut to keep arm away from thorax - so arm has maximum freedom of movement

Question 5

What ligament is responsible to maintaining the small distance between the corocoid and the clavicle?

Answer 5

The coracoclavicular ligament

Question 6

How would you orient the clavicle bone?

Answer 6

Longer curve is medial , posterior side is ‘ridged’, find the joint articulation areas

Question 7

where do we typically see a fracture of the clavicle?

Answer 7

at the junction of lateral and middle thirds at the thinnest point

Question 8

Find the following landmarks on the scapula bone

• acromion
• Coracoid process
• Glenoid Cavity
• Suprascapular notch
• superior border
• Subscapular fossa
• Medial/Lateral borders

Question 9

What muscles are responsible for the depression of the scapula (drop shoulder downwards)

Answer 9

• Pec minor (med. pectoral nerve)
• serratus anterior (long thoracic nerve)
• inferior trapezius

Question 10

What muscles are responsible for retraction of the scapula?

Answer 10

Rhomboids (dorsal scapular nerve)

middle trapezius

Latissimus dorsi (thoracodorsal nerve)

Question 11

What muscles are responsible for the elevation of the scapula?

Answer 11

trapezius

Levator Scapulae

Rhomboids (dorsal scapular nerve)

Question 12

Find the

anatomical neck and the surgical neck of the humerus

Answer 12

Question 13

Describe the glenohumeral joint

Answer 13

the “shoulder” joint -

synovial ball and socket joint.

The relatively shallow glenoid cavity (much unlike the hip) is deepend by the ring of fibrocartilage the ‘Glenoid labrum’

There is a bursa called the ‘subacromial bursa’ which reduces friction and facilitates movement of the joint

The fibrous joint capsule is loose and baggy to allow movements

Question 14

What nerve are we worried about with shoulder dislocations?

Answer 14

Axillary nerve which wraps around neck of humerus.

Question 15

Name the rotator cuff muscles

Answer 15

S- subscapularis - to the lesser tuberosity

S- supraspinatus- greater tuberosity

I- infraspinatus- greater tuberosity

T- teres minor- greater tuberosity

Question 16

What is the most commonly injured tendon in the shoulder?

Answer 16

The supraspinatus tendon

Question 17

What are the movements at the shoulder joint?

Answer 17

flexion/extension

abduction/adduction

medial/lateral rotation

circumduction (which is a combinatino of all movements)

Question 18

What muscles are responsible for flexion at the shoulder joint?

Answer 18

pectoralis major (med/lat. pectoral nerve)

anterior deltoid (axillary nerve)

coracobrachilais

biceps

Question 19

What muscles are responsible for extension at the shoulder?

Answer 19

Latissimus Dorsi (thoracodorsal nerve)

Deltoid (axillary nerve)

Teres Major

Triceps

Question 20

What muscles are responsible for medial rotation of the shoulder?

Answer 20

subscapularis

teres major

pec major

Question 21

What are the muscles responsible for lateral rotation of the shoulder?

Answer 21

infraspinatus (suprascapular nerve)

teres minor (Axillary nerve)

posterior deltoid

Question 22

What muscles are responsible for adduction of the shoulder?

Answer 22

pectoralis major

latissimus dorsi

teres major

Question 23

What muscles are responsible for abduction of the shoulder?

Answer 23

Supraspinatus (first 10 degrees)

Deltoid (90 degrees)

Scapula rotates to give remaining 60 degrees

Question 24

What is the blood supply to the scapula?

Answer 24

mainly

transverse cervicle and suprascapular arteries

circumflex scapular artery

subscapular artery

Question 25

What is the regimentals patch?

Answer 25

To check for damage of the axillary nerve you touch a small piece of skin on your deltoid.

Question 26

What is the quadrangular space and what passes through it?

Answer 26

Quadrangular Space. Located in the axilla, the quadrangular space is bordered superiorly by subscapularis muscle (by teres minor muscle when viewed posteriorly), inferiorly by teres major muscle, laterally by the surgical neck of the humerus and medially by the long head of triceps brachii muscle.

it contains the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral vessels

Question 27

Describe the coracoacromial joint

Answer 27

The coracoacromio ligament attaches from the lateral acromium to the lateral coracoid

Question 28

What are the attachments of the shoulder capsule to other bones?

Answer 28

The joint capsule encloses the structures of the joint. It extends from the anatomical neck of the humerus to the border of the glenoid fossa.

Question 29

What bones are involved in the shoulder joint?

Answer 29

just the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula

Question 30

on the humerus identify the following

• diaphysis
• metaphysis
• epiphysis
• anatomical/surgical neck
• capsule attachment

Answer 30